1. Key Insights 2. Chronic Lower Back Pain (CLBP) Market Overview at a Glance 2.1. Market (%) Distribution of CLBP in 2017 2.2. Market (%) Distribution of CLBP in 2028 3. Chronic Lower Back Pain (CLBP): Disease Background and Overview 3.1. Introduction 3.2. Signs and Symptoms 3.3. Causes and Risk Factors 3.4. Genetics of Chronic Lower Back Pain 3.5. Pathophysiology 3.5.1. Degenerative Cascade 3.5.2. Mechanistic factors involved behind the cause of CLBP 3.5.3. Neuroplasticity and central sensitization 3.5.4. Connective tissue remodeling in CLBP 3.5.5. Effect of connective tissue pathology on sensory afferent modulation 3.5.6. CLBP and Connective Tissue Remodeling 3.5.7. Pathophysiological model 3.6. Type of pain 3.6.1. Diskogenic pain 3.6.2. Lumbar spinal stenosis 3.6.3. Sacroiliac pain 3.6.4. Facet-joint pain 3.6.5. Radicular pain 3.6.6. Muscular pain 3.7. Diagnosis 3.7.1. Clinical History 3.7.2. Physical Examination 3.7.3. Imaging Guidelines 3.7.4. Assessment of Pain 4. Epidemiology and Patient Population 4.1. Key Findings 4.2. Total Prevalent Population of Chronic Lower Back Pain in the 7MM 4.3. Total Diagnosed Prevalent Population of Chronic Lower Back Pain in the 7MM 4.4. Gender-Specific Diagnosed Prevalence of Chronic Lower Back Pain in the 7MM 4.5. Age-Specific Diagnosed Prevalence of Chronic Lower Back Pain in the 7MM 4.6. Severity-Specific Diagnosed Prevalence of Chronic Lower Back Pain in the 7MM 5. United States Epidemiology 5.1. Assumptions and Rationale 5.2. Total Prevalent Population of Chronic Lower Back Pain in the United States 5.3. Total Diagnosed Prevalent Population of Chronic Lower Back Pain in the United States 5.4. Gender-Specific Diagnosed Prevalence of Chronic Lower Back Pain in the United States 5.5. Age-Specific Diagnosed Prevalence of Chronic Lower Back Pain in the United States 5.6. Severity-Specific Diagnosed Prevalence of CLBP in the United States 5.7. Number of CLBP Patients on Prescription Medications by different Class in the United States 5.8. Number of CLBP Patients on Opioids by low dose, high dose & Overdose in the United States 6. EU5 Epidemiology 6.1. Germany Epidemiology 6.1.1. Assumptions and Rationale 6.1.2. Total Prevalent Population of Chronic Lower Back Pain in Germany 6.1.3. Total Diagnosed Prevalent Population of Chronic Lower Back Pain in Germany 6.1.4. Gender-Specific Diagnosed Prevalence of Chronic Lower Back Pain in Germany 6.1.5. Age-Specific Diagnosed Prevalence of Chronic Lower Back Pain in Germany 6.1.6. Severity-Specific Diagnosed Prevalence of CLBP in Germany 6.1.7. Number of CLBP Patients on Prescription Medications by different Class in Germany 6.1.8. Number of CLBP Patients on Opioids by low dose, high dose & Overdose in Germany 6.2. France Epidemiology 6.2.1. Assumptions and rationale 6.2.2. Total Prevalent Population of Chronic Lower Back Pain in France 6.2.3. Total Diagnosed Prevalent Population of Chronic Lower Back Pain in France 6.2.4. Gender-Specific Diagnosed Prevalence of Chronic Lower Back Pain in France 6.2.5. Age-Specific Diagnosed Prevalence of Chronic Lower Back Pain in France 6.2.6. Severity-Specific Diagnosed Prevalence of CLBP in France 6.2.7. Number of CLBP Patients on Prescription Medications by different Class in France 6.2.8. Number of CLBP Patients on Opioids by low dose, high dose & Overdose in France 6.3. Italy Epidemiology 6.3.1. Assumptions and Rationale 6.3.2. Total Prevalent Population of Chronic Lower Back Pain in Italy 6.3.3. Total Diagnosed Prevalent Population of Chronic Lower Back Pain in Italy 6.3.4. Gender-Specific Diagnosed Prevalence of Chronic Lower Back Pain in Italy 6.3.5. Age-Specific Diagnosed Prevalence of Chronic Lower Back Pain in Italy 6.3.6. Severity-Specific Diagnosed Prevalence of CLBP in Italy 6.3.7. Number of CLBP Patients on Prescription Medications by different Class in Italy 6.3.8. Number of CLBP Patients on Opioids by low dose, high dose & Overdose in Italy 6.4. Spain Epidemiology 6.4.1. Assumptions and Rationale 6.4.2. Total Prevalent Population of Chronic Lower Back Pain in Spain 6.4.3. Total Diagnosed Prevalent Population of Chronic Lower Back Pain in Spain 6.4.4. Gender-Specific Diagnosed Prevalence of Chronic Lower Back Pain in Spain 6.4.5. Age-Specific Diagnosed Prevalence of Chronic Lower Back Pain in Spain 6.4.6. Severity-Specific Diagnosed Prevalence of CLBP in Spain 6.4.7. Number of CLBP Patients on Prescription Medications by different Class in Spain 6.4.8. Number of CLBP Patients on Opioids by low dose, high dose & Overdose in Spain 6.5. United Kingdom Epidemiology 6.5.1. Assumptions and Rationale 6.5.2. Total Prevalent Population of Chronic Lower Back Pain in the United Kingdom 6.5.3. Total Diagnosed Prevalent Population of Chronic Lower Back Pain in the United Kingdom 6.5.4. Gender-Specific Diagnosed Prevalence of Chronic Lower Back Pain in the United Kingdom 6.5.5. Age-Specific Diagnosed Prevalence of Chronic Lower Back Pain in the United Kingdom 6.5.6. Severity-Specific Diagnosed Prevalence of CLBP in the United Kingdom 6.5.7. Number of CLBP Patients on Prescription Medications by different Class in the United Kingdom 6.5.8. Number of CLBP Patients on Opioids by low dose, high dose & Overdose in the United Kingdom 7. Japan Epidemiology 7.1. Assumptions and Rationale 7.2. Total Prevalent Population of Chronic Lower Back Pain in Japan 7.3. Total Diagnosed Prevalent Population of Chronic Lower Back Pain in Japan 7.4. Gender-Specific Diagnosed Prevalence of Chronic Lower Back Pain in Japan 7.5. Age-Specific Diagnosed Prevalence of Chronic Lower Back Pain in Japan 7.6. Severity-Specific Diagnosed Prevalence of CLBP in Japan 7.7. Number of CLBP Patients on Prescription Medications by different Class in the Japan 7.8. Number of CLBP Patients on Opioids by low dose, high dose & Overdose in the Japan 8. Treatment Algorithm, Current Treatment, and Medical Practices 8.1. Non-pharmacological treatments 8.2. Pharmacologic Treatments 8.2.1. Non-opioids Analgesics 8.2.2. Opioid Analgesics 8.2.3. Tramadol W 8.2.4. Antidepressants 8.2.5. Muscle relaxants 8.3. Treatment Algorithm 9. Proposed Guidelines for Chronic Lower Back Pain 9.1. NICE Guidelines 9.1.1. Recommendation 9.2. Center of disease control and prevention (CDC) Guidelines 9.2.1. Recommendations 9.3. American College of Physicians (ACP) Guidelines 9.3.1. Recommendations 10. Unmet Needs 11. Marketed Products 11.1. Cymbalta (Duloxetine): Eli Lilly and Company 11.1.1. Product Description 11.1.2. Regulatory Milestones 11.1.3. Clinical development 11.1.4. Safety and Efficacy 11.1.5. Advantages and disadvantages 11.1.6. Product Profile 11.2. Xtampza: Collegium Pharmaceutical 11.2.1. Product Description 11.2.2. Regulatory Milestones 11.2.3. Clinical Development 11.2.4. Safety and Efficacy 11.2.5. Product Profile 11.3. Butrans (buprenorphine): Purdue Pharma 11.3.1. Product Description 11.3.2. Regulatory Milestones 11.3.3. Clinical Development 11.3.4. Safety and Efficacy 11.3.5. Product Profile 11.4. Belbuca: BioDelivery Sciences International 11.4.1. Product Description 11.4.2. Regulatory Milestones 11.4.3. Clinical Development 11.4.4. Safety and Efficacy 11.4.5. Product Profile 12. Emerging Therapies 12.1. Key Cross Competition 12.2. NKTR-181: Nektar Therapeutics 12.2.1. Drug Description 12.2.2. Other Developmental Activities 12.2.3. Clinical Development 12.2.4. Safety and Efficacy 12.2.5. Product Profile 12.3. Tanezumab: Eli Lilly/Pfizer 12.3.1. Product Description 12.3.2. Other Developmental Activities 12.3.3. Clinical Development 12.3.4. Safety and Efficacy 12.3.5. Product Profile 12.4. Fasinumab: Regeneron Pharmaceuticals/ Teva Pharmaceuticals 12.4.1. Product Description 12.4.2. Other Developmental Activities 12.4.3. Clinical Development 12.4.4. Safety and Efficacy 12.4.5. Product Profile 12.5. MPC-06-ID (Rexlemestrocel-L): Mesoblast 12.5.1. Drug Description 12.5.2. Other Developmental Activities 12.5.3. Clinical Development 12.5.4. Safety and Efficacy 12.5.5. Product Profile 12.6. CAM2038: Braeburn Pharmaceuticals/Camurus 12.6.1. Drug Description 12.6.2. Other Developmental Activities 12.6.3. Clinical Development 12.6.4. Safety and Efficacy 12.6.5. Product Profile 12.7. Egalet-002: Egalet Corporation 12.7.1. Drug Description 12.7.2. Other Developmental Activities 12.7.3. Clinical Development 12.7.4. Safety and Efficacy 12.7.5. Product Profile 12.8. ALLOD-2: Allodynic Therapeutics 12.8.1. Drug Description 12.8.2. Other Developmental Activities 12.8.3. Clinical Development 12.8.4. Product Profile 12.9. Clonidine Micropellets (STX-051): Sollis Therapeutics 12.9.1. Product Description 12.9.2. Product Development Activities 12.9.3. Clinical development 12.9.4. Product Profile 12.10. GRT6005: Grünenthal GmbH 12.10.1. Drug Description 12.10.2. Other Developmental Activities: 12.10.3. Clinical Development 12.10.4. Safety and Efficacy 12.10.5. Product profile 12.11. AB001: Frontier Biotechnologies 12.11.1. Drug Description 12.11.2. Other developmental activities 12.11.3. Clinical Development 12.11.4. Safety and efficacy 12.11.5. Product profile 12.12. ASP7962: Astellas Pharma Europe B.V. 12.12.1. Drug Description 12.12.2. Clinical Development 12.12.3. Safety and Efficacy 12.12.4. Product profile 12.13. AXS-02 (disodium zoledronate tetrahydrate): Axsome Therapeutics 12.13.1. Drug description 12.13.2. Other Developmental activities 12.13.3. Clinical Development 12.13.4. Product Profile 12.14. YH14618: Yuhan Corporation 12.14.1. Drug description 12.14.2. Other developmental activities 12.14.3. Clinical development 12.14.4. Product profile 12.15. IDCT: DiscGenics 12.15.1. Drug Description 12.15.2. Other Developmental Activities 12.15.3. Clinical Developmental Activities 12.15.4. Safety and efficacy 12.15.5. Product Profile 12.16. SP-102: Semnur Pharmaceuticals 12.16.1. Product Description 12.16.2. Other Developmental Activities 12.16.3. Clinical Development 12.16.4. Safety and Efficacy 12.16.5. Product Profile 12.17. SX600: SpineThera 12.17.1. Product Description 12.17.2. Other Developmental Activities 12.17.3. Clinical Development 12.17.4. Product Profile 13. Chronic Lower Back Pain (CLBP): 7MM Market Analysis 13.1. Key Findings 13.2. Market Size of Chronic Lower Back Pain in 7MM 13.3. Market Size of Chronic Lower Back Pain by Therapies in the 7MM 13.4. Opioid Epidemic across the 7MM Countries 14. United States: Market Outlook 14.1. United States Market Size 14.1.1. Total Market size of Chronic Lower Back Pain in the United States 14.1.2. Market Size of Chronic Lower Back Pain by Therapies in the US 15. EU-5 countries: Market Outlook 15.1. Germany Market Size 15.1.1. Total Market size of Chronic Lower Back Pain in Germany 15.1.2. Market Size of Chronic Lower Back Pain by therapies in Germany 15.2. France Market Size 15.2.1. Total Market size of Chronic Lower Back Pain in France 15.2.2. Market Size of Chronic Lower Back Pain by therapies in France 15.3. Italy Market Size 15.3.1. Total Market size of Chronic Lower Back Pain in Italy 15.3.2. Market Size of Chronic Lower Back Pain by therapies in Italy 15.4. Spain Market Size 15.4.1. Total Market size of Chronic Lower Back Pain in Spain 15.4.2. Market Size of Chronic Lower Back Pain by therapies in Spain 15.5. United Kingdom Market Size 15.5.1. Total Market size of Chronic Lower Back Pain in the United Kingdom 15.5.2. Market Size of Chronic Lower Back Pain by therapies in the UK 16. Japan Market Outlook 16.1. Japan Market Size 16.1.1. Total Market size of Chronic Lower Back Pain in Japan 16.1.2. Market Size of Chronic Lower Back Pain by therapies in Japan 17. Market Drivers 18. Market Barriers 19. Appendix 19.1. Report Methodology 20. DelveInsight Capabilities 21. Disclaimer 22. About DelveInsight

Table 1: Risk factors for occurrence and chronicity of low back pain Table 2: Cause of Muscle connective tissue fibrosis Table 3: Total Prevalent Population of Chronic Lower Back Pain in the 7MM (2017-2028) Table 4: Total Diagnosed Prevalent Population of Chronic Lower Back Pain in the 7MM (2017-2028) Table 5: Gender-Specific Diagnosed Prevalence of Chronic Lower Back Pain in the 7MM (2017-2028) Table 6: Age-Specific Diagnosed Prevalence of Chronic Lower Back Pain in the 7MM (2017-2028) Table 7: Severity-Specific Diagnosed Prevalence of CLBP in the 7MM (2017-2028) Table 8: Total Prevalent Population of Chronic Lower Back Pain in the US (2017-2028) Table 9: Total Diagnosed Prevalent Population of Chronic Lower Back Pain in the US (2017-2028) Table 10: Gender-Specific Diagnosed Prevalence of Chronic Lower Back Pain in the US (2017-2028) Table 11: Age-Specific Diagnosed Prevalence of Chronic Lower Back Pain in the United States (2017-2028) Table 12: Severity-Specific Diagnosed Prevalence of CLBP in the US (2017-2028) Table 13: Number of CLBP Patients on Prescription Medications by different Class in the US (2017-2028) Table 14: Number of CLBP Patients on Opioids by low dose, high dose & Overdose in the US (2017-2028) Table 15: Total Prevalent Population of Chronic Lower Back Pain in Germany (2017-2028) Table 16: Total Diagnosed Prevalent Population of Chronic Lower Back Pain in Germany (2017-2028) Table 17: Gender-Specific Diagnosed Prevalence of Chronic Lower Back Pain in Germany (2017-2028) Table 18: Age-Specific Diagnosed Prevalence of Chronic Lower Back Pain in Germany (2017-2028) Table 19: Severity-Specific Diagnosed Prevalence of CLBP in Germany (2017-2028) Table 20: Number of CLBP Patients on Prescription Medications by different Class in Germany (2017-2028) Table 21: Number of CLBP Patients on Opioids by low dose, high dose & Overdose in Germany (2017-2028) Table 22: Total Prevalent Population of Chronic Lower Back Pain in France (2017-2028) Table 23: Total Diagnosed Prevalent Population of Chronic Lower Back Pain in France (2017-2028) Table 24: Gender-Specific Diagnosed Prevalence of Chronic Lower Back Pain in France (2017-2028) Table 25: Age-Specific Diagnosed Prevalence of Chronic Lower Back Pain in France (2017-2028) Table 26: Severity-Specific Diagnosed Prevalence of syndromic CLBP in France (2017-2028) Table 27: Number of CLBP Patients on Prescription Medications by different Class in France (2017-2028) Table 28: Number of CLBP Patients on Opioids by low dose, high dose & Overdose in France (2017-2028) Table 29: Total Prevalent Population of Chronic Lower Back Pain in Italy (2017-2028) Table 30: Total Diagnosed Prevalent Population of Chronic Lower Back Pain in Italy (2017-2028) Table 31: Gender-Specific Diagnosed Prevalence of Chronic Lower Back Pain in Italy (2017-2028) Table 32: Age-Specific Diagnosed Prevalence of Chronic Lower Back Pain in Italy (2017-2028) Table 33: Severity-Specific Diagnosed Prevalence of CLBP in Italy (2017-2028) Table 34: Number of CLBP Patients on Prescription Medications by different Class in Italy (2017-2028) Table 35: Number of CLBP Patients on Opioids by low dose, high dose & Overdose in Italy (2017-2028) Table 36: Total Prevalent Population of Chronic Lower Back Pain in Spain (2017-2028) Table 37: Total Diagnosed Prevalent Population of Chronic Lower Back Pain in Spain (2017-2028) Table 38: Gender-Specific Diagnosed Prevalence of Chronic Lower Back Pain in Spain (2017-2028) Table 39: Age-Specific Diagnosed Prevalence of Chronic Lower Back Pain in Spain (2017-2028) Table 40: Severity-Specific Diagnosed Prevalence of CLBP in Spain (2017-2028) Table 41: Number of CLBP Patients on Prescription Medications by different Class in Spain (2017-2028) Table 42: Number of CLBP Patients on Opioids by low dose, high dose & Overdose in Spain (2017-2028) Table 43: Total Prevalent Population of Chronic Lower Back Pain in the United Kingdom (2017-2028) Table 44: Total Diagnosed Prevalent Population of Chronic Lower Back Pain in the United Kingdom (2017-2028) Table 45: Gender-Specific Diagnosed Prevalence of Chronic Lower Back Pain in the United Kingdom (2017-2028) Table 46: Age-Specific Diagnosed Prevalence of Chronic Lower Back Pain in the United Kingdom (2017-2028) Table 47: Severity-Specific Diagnosed Prevalence of CLBP in the UK (2017-2028) Table 48: Number of CLBP Patients on Prescription Medications by different Class in the UK (2017-2028) Table 49: Number of CLBP Patients on Opioids by low dose, high dose & Overdose in the UK (2017-2028) Table 50: Total Prevalent Population of Chronic Lower Back Pain in Japan (2017-2028) Table 51: Total Diagnosed Prevalent Population of Chronic Lower Back Pain in Japan (2017-2028) Table 52: Gender-Specific Diagnosed Prevalence of Chronic Lower Back Pain in Japan (2017-2028) Table 53: Age-Specific Diagnosed Prevalence of Chronic Lower Back Pain in Japan (2017-2028) Table 54: Severity-Specific Diagnosed Prevalence of CLBP in Japan (2017-2028) Table 55: Number of CLBP Patients on Prescription Medications by different Class in Japan (2017-2028) Table 56: Number of CLBP Patients on Opioids by low dose, high dose & Overdose in Japan (2017-2028) Table 57: Summary of the efficacy of physical treatments for chronic LBP Table 58: The American College of Physicians Guideline Grading System Table 59: Cymbalta, Clinical Trial Description, 2019 Table 60: Xtampza ER, Clinical Trial Description, 2019 Table 61: Buprenorphine, Clinical Trial Description, 2019 Table 62: Belbuca, Clinical Trial Description, 2019 Table 63: Key Cross Competition: Emerging Therapies Table 64: Key Cross Competition: Emerging Therapies (Continued) Table 65: Key Cross Competition: Emerging Therapies (Continued) Table 66: Key Cross Competition: Emerging Therapies (Continued) Table 67: NKTR-181, Clinical Trial Description, 2019 Table 68: Tanezumab, Clinical Trial Description 2019 Table 69: Fasinumab, Clinical Trial Description, 2019 Table 70: Rexlemestrocel-L, Clinical Trial Description, 2019 Table 71: CAM2038, Clinical Trial Description, 2019 Table 72: Egalet-002, Clinical Trial Description, 2019 Table 73: ALLOD-2, Clinical Trial Description, 2019 Table 74: Clonidine Micropellets, Clinical Trial Description, 2019 Table 75: GRT6005, Clinical Trial Description, 2019 Table 76: AB001, Clinical Trial Description, 2019 Table 77: ASP7962, Clinical Trial Description, 2019 Table 78: AXS-02, Clinical Trial Description, 2019 Table 79: YH14618, Clinical Trial Description, 2019 Table 80: IDCT, Clinical Trial Description, 2019 Table 81: SP-102, Clinical Trial Description, 2019 Table 82: SX600, Clinical Trial Description, 2019 Table 83: Market Size of Chronic Lower Back Pain in 7MM in USD Million (2017-2028) Table 84: Market Size of Chronic Lower Back Pain by therapies in the 7MM, in USD Million (2017-2028) Table 85: Expected Launch Date of Emerging Drugs in the United States Table 86: The US Market Size of Chronic Lower Back Pain in USD Million (2017-2028) Table 87: Market Size of Chronic Lower Back Pain by therapies in the United States, in USD Million (2017-2028) Table 88: Expected Launch Date of Emerging Drugs in Europe Table 89: Germany Market Size of Chronic Lower Back Pain in USD Million (2017-2028) Table 90: Market Size of Chronic Lower Back Pain by therapies in Germany, in USD Million (2017-2028) Table 91: France Market Size of Chronic Lower Back Pain in USD Million (2017-2028) Table 92: Market Size of Chronic Lower Back Pain by therapies in France, in USD Million (2017-2028) Table 93: Italy Market Size of Chronic Lower Back Pain in USD Million (2017-2028) Table 94: Market Size of Chronic Lower Back Pain by therapies in Italy, in USD Million (2017-2028) Table 95: Spain Market Size of Chronic Lower Back Pain in USD Million (2017-2028) Table 96: Market Size of Chronic Lower Back Pain by therapies in Spain, in USD Million (2017-2028) Table 97: The UK Market Size of Chronic Lower Back Pain in USD Million (2017-2028) Table 98: Market Size of Chronic Lower Back Pain by therapies in the United Kingdom, in USD Million (2017-2028) Table 99: Expected Launch Date of Emerging Drugs in Japan Table 100: Japan Market Size of Chronic Lower Back Pain in USD Million (2017-2028) Table 101: Market Size of Chronic Lower Back Pain by therapies in Japan, in USD Million (2017-2028) Figure 1: Types of Lower Back Pain Figure 2: Signs and Symptoms of CLBP Figure 3: Pathophysiological model for chronic low back pain linking somatic and behavioral components Figure 4: Relationship describing therapeutic inventions and pathogenic mechanism Figure 5: Types of Pain involved in CLBP mechanism Figure 6: Definitions of Chronic Lower Back Pain Figure 7: Total Prevalent Population of Chronic Lower Back Pain in the 7MM (2017-2028) Figure 8: Total Diagnosed Prevalent Population of Chronic Lower Back Pain in the 7MM (2017-2028) Figure 9: Gender-Specific Diagnosed Prevalence of Chronic Lower Back Pain in the 7MM (2017-2028) Figure 10: Age-Specific Diagnosed Prevalence of Chronic Lower Back Pain in the 7MM (2017-2028) Figure 11: Severity-Specific Diagnosed Prevalence of CLBP in the 7MM (2017-2028) Figure 12: Total Prevalent Population of Chronic Lower Back Pain in the US (2017-2028) Figure 13: Total Diagnosed Prevalent Population of Chronic Lower Back Pain in the US (2017-2028) Figure 14: Gender-Specific Diagnosed Prevalence of Chronic Lower Back Pain in the US (2017-2028) Figure 15: Age-Specific Diagnosed Prevalence of Chronic Lower Back Pain in the United States (2017-2028) Figure 16: Severity-Specific Diagnosed Prevalence of CLBP in the US (2017-2028) Figure 17: Number of CLBP Patients on Prescription Medications by different Class in the US (2017-2028) Figure 18: Number of CLBP Patients on Opioids by low dose, high dose & Overdose in the US (2017-2028) Figure 19: Total Prevalent Population of Chronic Lower Back Pain in Germany (2017-2028) Figure 20: Total Diagnosed Prevalent Population of Chronic Lower Back Pain in Germany (2017-2028) Figure 21: Gender-Specific Diagnosed Prevalence of Chronic Lower Back Pain in Germany (2017-2028) Figure 22: Age-Specific Diagnosed Prevalence of Chronic Lower Back Pain in Germany (2017-2028) Figure 23: Severity-Specific Diagnosed Prevalence of CLBP in Germany (2017-2028) Figure 24: Number of CLBP Patients on Prescription Medications by different Class in Germany (2017-2028) Figure 25: Number of CLBP Patients on Opioids by low dose, high dose & Overdose in Germany (2017-2028) Figure 26: Total Prevalent Population of Chronic Lower Back Pain in France (2017-2028) Figure 27: Total Diagnosed Prevalent Population of Chronic Lower Back Pain in France (2017-2028) Figure 28: Gender-Specific Diagnosed Prevalence of Chronic Lower Back Pain in France (2017-2028) Figure 29: Age-Specific Diagnosed Prevalence of Chronic Lower Back Pain in France (2017-2028) Figure 30: Severity-Specific Diagnosed Prevalence of CLBP in France (2017-2028) Figure 31: Number of CLBP Patients on Prescription Medications by different Class in France (2017-2028) Figure 32: Number of CLBP Patients on Opioids by low dose, high dose & Overdose in France (2017-2028) Figure 33: Total Prevalent Population of Chronic Lower Back Pain in Italy (2017-2028) Figure 34: Total Diagnosed Prevalent Population of Chronic Lower Back Pain in Italy (2017-2028) Figure 35: Gender-Specific Diagnosed Prevalence of Chronic Lower Back Pain in Italy (2017-2028) Figure 36: Age-Specific Diagnosed Prevalence of Chronic Lower Back Pain in Italy (2017-2028) Figure 37: Severity-Specific Diagnosed Prevalence of CLBP in Italy (2017-2028) Figure 38: Number of CLBP Patients on Prescription Medications by different Class in Italy (2017-2028) Figure 39: Number of CLBP Patients on Opioids by low dose, high dose & Overdose in Italy (2017-2028) Figure 40: Total Prevalent Population of Chronic Lower Back Pain in Spain (2017-2028) Figure 41: Total Diagnosed Prevalent Population of Chronic Lower Back Pain in Spain (2017-2028) Figure 42: Gender-Specific Diagnosed Prevalence of Chronic Lower Back Pain in Spain (2017-2028) Figure 43: Age-Specific Diagnosed Prevalence of Chronic Lower Back Pain in Spain (2017-2028) Figure 44: Severity-Specific Diagnosed Prevalence of CLBP in Spain (2017-2028) Figure 45: Number of CLBP Patients on Prescription Medications by different Class in Spain (2017-2028) Figure 46: Number of CLBP Patients on Opioids by low dose, high dose & Overdose in Spain (2017-2028) Figure 47: Total Prevalent Population of Chronic Lower Back Pain in the United Kingdom (2017-2028) Figure 48: Total Diagnosed Prevalent Population of Chronic Lower Back Pain in the United Kingdom (2017-2028) Figure 49: Gender-Specific Diagnosed Prevalence of Chronic Lower Back Pain in the United Kingdom (2017-2028) Figure 50: Age-Specific Diagnosed Prevalence of Chronic Lower Back Pain in the United Kingdom (2017-2028) Figure 51: Severity-Specific Diagnosed Prevalence of CLBP in the UK (2017-2028) Figure 52: Number of CLBP Patients on Prescription Medications by different Class in the UK (2017-2028) Figure 53: Number of CLBP Patients on Opioids by low dose, high dose & Overdose in the UK (2017-2028) Figure 54: Total Prevalent Population of Chronic Lower Back Pain in Japan (2017-2028) Figure 55: Total Diagnosed Prevalent Population of Chronic Lower Back Pain in Japan (2017-2028) Figure 56: Gender-Specific Diagnosed Prevalence of Chronic Lower Back Pain in Japan (2017-2028) Figure 57: Age-Specific Diagnosed Prevalence of Chronic Lower Back Pain CLBP in Japan (2017-2028) Figure 58: Severity-Specific Diagnosed Prevalence of CLBP in Japan (2017-2028) Figure 59: Number of CLBP Patients on Prescription Medications by different Class in Japan (2017-2028) Figure 60: Number of CLBP Patients on Opioids by low dose, high dose & Overdose in Japan (2017-2028) Figure 61: The Vicious Circle showing the interaction of influencing factors Figure 62: Treatment Algorithm for Chronic Low Back Pain Figure 63: Unmet needs Figure 64: Market Size of Chronic Lower Back Pain in the 7MM in USD Million (2017-2028) Figure 65: Market Size of Chronic Lower Back Pain by therapies in the 7MM, in USD Million (2017-2028) Figure 66: Market Size of Chronic Lower Back Pain in the US, USD Millions (2017-2028) Figure 67: Market Size of Chronic Lower Back Pain by therapies in the United States, in USD Million (2017-2028) Figure 68: Market Size of Chronic Lower Back Pain in Germany, USD Millions (2017-2028) Figure 69: Market Size of Chronic Lower Back Pain by therapies in Germany, in USD Million (2017-2028) Figure 70: Market Size of Chronic Lower Back Pain in France, USD Millions (2017-2028) Figure 71: Market Size of Chronic Lower Back Pain by therapies in France, in USD Million (2017-2028) Figure 72: Market Size of Chronic Lower Back Pain in Italy, USD Millions (2017-2028) Figure 73: Market Size of Chronic Lower Back Pain by therapies in Italy in USD Million (2017-2028) Figure 74: Market Size of Chronic Lower Back Pain in Spain, USD Millions (2017-2028) Figure 75: Market Size of Chronic Lower Back Pain by therapies in Spain in USD Million (2017-2028) Figure 76: Market Size of Chronic Lower Back Pain in the UK, USD Millions (2017-2028) Figure 77: Market Size of Chronic Lower Back Pain by therapies in the UK in USD Million (2017-2028) Figure 78: Market Size of Chronic Lower Back Pain in Japan, USD Millions (2017-2028) Figure 79: Market Size of Chronic Lower Back Pain by therapies in Japan in USD Million (2017-2028) Figure 80: Market Drivers Figure 81: Market Barriers

Eli Lilly and Company Collegium Pharmaceutical Purdue Pharma BioDelivery Sciences International Nektar Therapeutics Eli Lilly/Pfizer Regeneron Pharmaceuticals/ Teva Pharmaceuticals Mesoblast Braeburn Pharmaceuticals/Camurus Egalet Corporation Allodynic Therapeutics Sollis Therapeutics Grünenthal GmbH Frontier Biotechnologies Astellas Pharma Europe B.V Axsome Therapeutics Yuhan Corporation DiscGenics Semnur Pharmaceuticals SpineThera