Table of Contents Refinery Catalysts Executive Summary 41 Refinery Catalysts Market Driving Forces 41 Change Is the Only Constant 43 Shift In Refiners' Raw Material Consumption Toward Heavier Feedstocks 45 Lower Sulfur Specifications Worldwide 46 Refinery Catalysts Market Shares 46 Refinery Catalysts Market Forecast 2016 49 1. Refinery Catalysts Market Description And Market Dynamics 51 1.1 Fluid Catalytic Cracking FCC Catalysts And Hydroprocessing Catalysts 51 1.1.1 Reducing Emissions From Diesel Engines 53 1.1.2 On-Road Vehicles Emission Of Nitrogen Oxide 54 1.1.3 Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) 54 1.2 Identifying Trends In The Refining Catalyst Market 55 1.2.1 Depleting Crude Oil Reserves 57 1.2.2 Catalysts Have To Be Protected From Particulates And Foulants 57 1.2.3 Conversion Rates 58 1.2.4 Catalyst Platforms Customized Solution For Each Specific Refinery Or Unit Operation 59 1.2.5 Residue Upgrading Challenge 59 1.3 Process Catalysts 59 1.4 Refining Catalysts 60 1.4.1 Refining Catalyst Economic Trends: Btu Growth In Energy Consumption 60 1.4.2 Refining Catalyst Business Trends 60 1.4.3 Refining Catalyst Business: Transformation From Regional To Global Undertaking, Leveraging Economies Of Scale 61 1.4.4 Increased Manufacturing Costs 61 1.4.5 Catalyst Customization 61 1.5 Market Changes Impacting Refineries 63 1.5.1 Refinery Catalysts 63 1.6 Refinery Catalysts: Suppliers Tap Emerging Markets 65 1.6.1 Refining Industry 66 1.7 Global Refining Industry Additions 67 1.7.1 Sinopec Boosts Refining Capacity To 232 Mln Tons 68 1.8 Oil Refineries 69 1.8.1 Economic Environment Of Constrained Refinery Capex 69 1.9 Diesel 70 1.9.1 Maximizing Diesel Production Through Integrated Hydroprocessing 70 1.10 Hydrotreating 72 1.10.1 Hydrotreating Process Description 74 1.10.2 Typical Causes Of Deactivation Of Hydroprocessing Catalysts 74 1.10.3 Typical Methods Of Performance Recovery and Regeneration Of Hydroprocessing Catalysts 75 1.10.4 Hydrotreating Catalysts 76 1.10.5 Hydrocracking 77 1.11 Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) 78 1.12 Reforming 79 1.13 Refinery Costs and Supply 80 1.14 Fuel Consumption In Transportation 81 1.14.1 Changing Trends 82 1.14.2 Rising Consumption Of Petroleum Based Derivatives 83 1.14.3 Demand For Maintaining High Octane Number 83 1.14.4 Catalytic Hydrotreating 86 1.15 Natural Gas Energy Market Growth 89 2. Refinery Catalysts Market Shares And Forecasts 91 2.1 Refinery Catalysts Market Driving Forces 91 2.1.1 Change Is the Only Constant 93 2.1.2 Shift In Refiners' Raw Material Consumption Toward Heavier Feedstocks 95 2.1.3 Lower Sulfur Specifications Worldwide 96 2.2 Refinery Catalysts Market Shares 96 2.2.1 Shell CRI-Criterion Hydrocracking Catalysts 100 2.2.2 Grace 100 2.2.3 Chevron and Grace Formed Advanced Refining Technologies (ART), 101 2.2.4 Albemarle Addresses Demand For Refinery Catalysts 102 2.2.5 Catalysts and Licensing LLC, ExxonMobil 102 2.2.6 Criterion 103 2.2.7 Criterion NAPHTHA 104 2.2.8 ExxonMobil Corporation 105 2.2.9 BASF 105 2.2.10 BASF FCC Refining Catalysts 105 2.2.11 Haldor Topsoe 106 2.2.12 Johnson Matthey 106 2.2.13 SINOPEC Catalyst Company 106 2.2.14 UNICAT Catalyst Technologies, Inc. 107 2.3 Refinery Catalysts Market Forecast 2016 107 2.3.1 Albemarle REACT™ has been successfully used to reactivate 115 2.4 Refinery Catalyst Molybdenum and Momentum 115 2.5 Hydroprocessing Refinery Catalysts 126 2.5.1 Hydrocracking Catalysts 128 2.5.2 Hydrodesulphurization Catalyst 129 2.5.3 Production of Ultra-Low-Sulfur Diesel ULSD to Meet Global Diesel Needs 129 2.5.4 Hydrocracking Integration 131 2.5.5 Hydrocracking Meeting Refining Challenges 131 2.5.6 Hydrotreating 131 2.6 Hydroprocessing Refinery Catalyst Market Shares 132 2.6.1 Albemarle Hydroprocessing Catalyst Area 135 2.6.2 Albemarle Addressing Is The Need For More Hydroprocessing Capacity 135 2.6.3 Haldor Topsoe 136 2.6.4 Topsoe Reforming 137 2.6.5 Shell / Criterion 137 2.6.6 Shell CRI Catalyst Company Part of CRI/Criterion Inc., Ethylene Oxide 139 2.6.7 Shell Group Criterion Catalysts & Technologies (Houston) 139 2.6.8 ART 140 2.6.9 Chevron/Grace Venture, ART 142 2.6.10 Axens’ Hydrocracking Technologies 142 2.6.11 Axens Diesel Hydrotreating 142 2.6.12 Honeywell UOP 143 2.6.13 Zeolyst 144 2.6.14 Clariant / Süd-Chemie 144 2.6.15 UOP the CANMET 145 2.6.16 Hydroprocessing Catalyst Market Forecasts 145 2.6.17 Hydroprocessing Catalyst Market Forecasts 148 2.6.18 Customization of Hydroprocessing Catalysts 150 2.6.19 Hydroprocessing Refinery Facility 152 2.6.20 Distillate Hydrotreating Business 152 2.6.21 Hydroprocessing Is A Technology-Driven Market 153 2.7 Fluid Catalytic Cracking FCC Refinery Catalysts 153 2.7.1 FCC 155 2.7.2 FCC Refinery Catalyst Market Shares 155 2.7.3 BASF 158 2.7.4 W.R. Grace 158 2.7.5 Albemarle 159 2.7.6 Albemarle AFX 159 2.7.7 FCC Refinery Catalyst Market Forecasts 160 2.7.8 Crude Oil Refining Process 161 2.8 Reforming Refinery Catalysts 162 2.8.1 Stability Of Reforming Catalysts 162 2.8.2 Reforming Refinery Catalyst Market Shares 162 2.8.3 Honeywell UOP 165 2.8.4 Axens / Criterion Reforming Catalysts 166 2.8.5 Haldor Topsoe Reforming Catalysts 167 2.8.6 Johnson Matthey Catalysts Pre-Reforming 168 2.8.7 Reforming Refinery Catalyst Market Forecasts 168 2.9 Chemical Synthesis, Petroleum Refining And Polymerization Catalysts 170 2.9.1 Refining Catalyst Business Transformed From A Regional Business To A Global Undertaking 172 2.9.2 Catalyst Supplier Adaptation to Refining Business 172 2.10 Refinery and Refinery Catalyst Industry Mergers and Acquisitions 173 2.10.1 PBF Energy Completes Acquisition of the Torrance Refinery and Related Logistics Assets 173 2.10.2 Refinery Catalyst Industry Consolidation 174 2.10.3 Axens North America 174 2.10.4 BASF 174 2.10.5 Grace & Co. Acquires The Assets of BASF's Polyolefin Catalysts business. 175 2.10.6 Johnson Matthey 175 2.10.7 DuPont Acquired MECS 175 2.11 Refining, Re-Refining, and Biofuel Catalysts 176 2.12 FCC Crude Oil Refinery Catalysts for Refinement 178 2.13 Re-Refining Of Used Motor Oil: 185 Re-Refining Processes Have Had Serious Difficulties 189 2.14 Biofuel and Biochemicals 192 2.15 International Oil Companies (IOCs) Disposing Of Downstream Refinery Assets 197 2.15.1 Refinery Capacity 197 2.15.2 Non-OECD Capacities 198 2.16 World Consumption of Energy 199 2.16.1 Per Capita Energy Consumption 200 2.16.2 Refining Catalyst Producers Innovation Drivers 200 2.16.3 Worldwide Crude Oil Prices. 200 2.16.4 BASF Expects Long-Term Global Fuel Demand To Show A Strong Preference For Diesel Over Gasoline 203 2.16.5 Globalization & Consolidation 203 2.16.6 Alternative Fuels 203 2.16.7 Biofuels 204 2.17 Lithium 204 2.17.1 Albemarle Has Successfully Produced Lithium Carbonate 204 2.17.2 Albemarle Discovery in Lithium Carbonate Production 207 2.17.3 Market For Lithium Chemicals 207 2.18 Global Refinery Catalyst Market, By Metals Products 207 2.18.1 Refinery Operations Rive Technology and Grace Davison in Partnership 208 2.18.2 Zeolite In-Demand Material 211 2.18.3 Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) Catalyst 212 2.19 Prices for Refining Catalysts 213 2.19.1 Hydrotreating Catalysts Prices 246 2.19.2 Albemarle Increases Prices Of Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) Catalysts 246 2.19.3 Rare Earth Element Impact on Catalyst Pricing 247 2.20 Refinery Catalyst Regional Analysis 247 2.20.1 Refinery Catalyst Market Forecasts by Region 251 2.20.2 United States 252 2.20.3 OPEC 252 2.20.4 North America 253 2.20.5 EMEA 253 2.20.6 China 254 2.20.7 China Monitors Refining Capacity 255 2.20.8 Refining in China 255 2.20.9 Oil Refining Trends In South Korea – 256 2.20.10 Brazil 257 2.20.11 Developing Markets 257 2.20.12 Company Regional Participation in Refinery Catalyst Markets 259 2.20.13 Haldor Topsoe Strengthens Wet-Gas Sulphuric Acid Units (WSA) Activities in China 263 2.20.14 Regional Analysis For All Types Of Chemical Catalysts 263 2.20.15 Worldwide Heterogeneous Catalyst Refining Business 264 3. Refinery Catalysts Product Description 266 3.1 Overview Oil Refinery Catalysts 266 3.1.1 Hydro Processing Catalysts (HPC ) 273 3.2 Albemarle Refining Solutions 273 3.2.1 Albemarle Chemical Catalysts 274 3.2.2 Albemarle Total Catalyst Management 275 3.2.3 Albemarle Hydro Processing Catalysts (HPC) Positioning 276 3.2.4 Albemarle Hydro Processing Catalysts (HPC ) 276 3.2.5 Albemarle Hydroprocessing Catalysts (HPC ) 277 3.2.6 Albemarle Pretreat Catalysts Impact on Hydrocracking Catalyst 278 3.2.7 Albemarle Diesel Hydrotreating Catalysts 279 3.2.8 Albemarle’s STARS Technology 280 3.2.9 Albemarle STARS Catalysts Joint Venture Partner Nippon Keene Co 281 3.2.10 Albemarle STARS Catalyst Multiple Reactivations 282 3.2.11 Albemarle STARS Catalysts 282 3.2.12 Albemarle STA X™ Technology 283 3.2.13 Albemarle Refinery Catalyst Development Related To Hydroprocessing Of Vegetable Oils 284 3.2.14 Albemarle / Neste Oil Production Of Renewable Diesel: Neste Oil NExBTL® Technology Scales 286 3.2.15 Albemarle Direct Desulfurization Catalyst Resolves Problem for Neste Solvent Production 290 3.2.16 Albemarle High-Performance Low Rare Earth Technology: Rare Earth Market 291 3.2.17 Albemarle's Low Rare Earth Technology (LRT(TM)) Catalysts Offer Increasing Value as Rare Earth Mineral Prices Continue to Soar. 291 3.2.18 Selected Albemarle Catalysts 292 3.2.19 Albemarle NEBULA 20 295 3.2.20 Albemarle Hydroconversion 296 3.2.21 Albemarle KC 2610 296 3.2.22 Albemarle Grading & Guard Catalysts 296 3.2.23 Albemarle Isomerization 298 3.2.24 Albemarle / Axens, ATIS-2L and ATIS-1L 299 3.2.25 Catalyst ROI from Albemarle 299 3.2.26 Albemarle and Petrobras World-Scale Hydroprocessing Catalysts Production Plant 299 3.2.27 Albemarle REACTTM 300 3.2.28 Albemarle Services Commercial Technology Services 301 3.2.29 Albemarle Process Technology 302 3.2.30 UOP and Albemarle Hydroprocessing Alliance 303 3.2.31 Albemarle Alkylation 306 3.2.32 Albemarle Catalysts, CBI Lummus and Neste Oil Solid Acid Catalyst Gasoline Alkylation Technology, AlkyClean 306 3.2.33 Albemarle Biofuels Catalysts 307 3.2.34 Albemarle Unlocking The Potential Of Biomass Through High-Performance, Heterogeneous Catalysts309 3.2.35 Albemarle Corporation Acquires Catilin In Biofuels Market 309 3.2.36 Albemarle Grading & Guard Catalysts 310 3.2.37 Albemarle Cost Effective Catalysts For Paraffin Isomerization 310 3.2.38 Albemarle Specialty Zeolites 310 3.2.39 Albemarle Other Catalysts 311 3.3 Haldor Topsoe Hydroprocessing Worldwide 312 3.3.1 Haldor Topsoe TK-449 SiliconTrap™ 313 3.3.2 Haldor Topsoe TK-747 HyOctane 314 3.3.3 Haldor Topsoe TK-611 HyBRIM 315 3.3.4 Haldor Topsoe TK-578 BRIM 316 3.3.5 Haldor Topsoe Refining Solutions 316 3.3.6 Haldor Topsoe BRIM™ Catalysts 317 3.3.7 Topsoe Catalysis Hydroprocessing 318 3.3.8 Topsoe Hydro Processing Design Facilities 318 3.3.9 Haldor Topsoe Catalyst Varieties 319 3.3.10 Haldor Topsoe Researching Catalysis 319 3.3.11 Haldor Topsoe BRIM™ Catalysts 320 3.3.12 Topsoe Meeting Sulphur Specification Standards 335 3.3.13 Topsoe Catalytic Reaction Sites 335 3.3.14 Topsoe Molybdenum Disulphide Nanocrystals 336 3.4 Chevron and Grace / ART Hydrotreating Catalysts 336 3.4.1 Grace ART Hydroprocessing Catalysts 336 3.4.2 Grace Advanced Refining Technologies 339 3.4.3 ART Ebullated Bed Resid Hydrocracking Line 341 3.4.4 Chevron All Hydroprocessing 341 3.5 Advanced Energy Materials 343 3.5.1 Advanced Energy Material’s Carbon Capture Adsorbents 344 3.5.2 Advanced Energy Materials Lithium-ion Batteries 345 3.6 Axens Hydrocracking 349 3.6.1 Axens Hydrocracking Licensing 349 3.6.2 Axens Mild Hydrocracking and HyC-10 353 3.6.3 Axens Two-Stage Hydrocracking 354 3.6.4 Axens Once-Through HyK Hydrocracker 356 3.6.5 Axens Amorphous-Type Hydrocracking Catalyst HDK 776 356 3.6.6 Axens Hydrocracking Reactor Performance 357 3.6.7 Axens’ Hydrocracking Technologies 358 3.6.8 Axens HR Series Catalysts with ACE™ Technology 358 3.6.9 Axens Hydrocracking Licensing 359 3.6.10 Axens Recommended Hydrocracking Process 361 3.6.11 Axens Mild Hydrocracking and HyC-10 363 3.7 Shell CRI Hydrotreating Catalysts 364 3.7.1 Shell Group / CRI / Criterion Inc 365 3.7.2 Shell Criterion Catalysts Services 365 3.7.3 Shell CRI-Criterion actiCat Services 367 3.7.4 Shell CRI-Criterion ENCORE Revitalisation 368 3.7.5 Criterion Custom Catalysts 369 3.7.6 Shell CRI-Criterion Catalysts Analytical Systems 372 3.7.7 Criterion Denox – SCR Catalyst 373 3.7.8 Criterion Dioxin Destruction 376 3.7.9 Criterion VOC Catalyst & CO Catalyst 377 3.7.10 Criterion CO2 Polishing Catalyst 378 3.7.11 Criterion Tertiary N2O Abatement 378 3.7.12 Criterion Zeolyst Specialties 380 3.7.13 Criterion Hydrocracking 381 3.7.14 Criterion Distillate Hydrotreating 383 3.7.15 Criterion NAPHTHA 385 3.7.16 Criterion Ultra Low Sulphur Diesel ULSD 394 3.7.17 Criterion Distillate Hydrotreating 396 3.7.18 Criterion Distillate Hydrotreating 397 3.7.19 Criterion Next Generation Zeolite Nano Scale Technology And Nano Engineering At Production Levels 400 3.7.20 Criterion CRI Offers Catalysts For The Full Hydrogenation Of Benzene To Cyclohexane 404 3.7.21 Criterion's Distillate Hydrotreating Application 404 3.7.22 Criterion’s ASCENT Catalyst Technology 405 3.7.23 Criterion CENTINEL™ Technology 405 3.7.24 Criterion SYNCats™ Specialized Catalysts For Distillate Upgrading 406 3.7.25 Criterion FCC 408 3.8 Johnson Matthey HYTREAT 410 3.9 BASF Hydrogenation 411 3.9.1 BASF’s Catalysts Division 412 3.9.2 BASF Copper-Chrome Catalysts for Hydrogenation Processes 413 3.10 Axens Renewable Oils & Fats Hydroprocessing 415 3.10.1 Axens and GENTAS to Build Hydroprocessing Catalyst Manufacturing Plant in Saudi Arabia 415 3.10.2 Axens Mild Hydrocracking and HyC-10 416 3.10.3 Axens Two-Stage Hydrocracking 417 3.10.4 Axens Once-Through HyK Hydrocracker 419 3.10.5 Axens Amorphous-Type Hydrocracking Catalyst HDK 776 419 3.10.6 Axens Hydrocracking Reactor Performance 420 3.10.7 Axens’ Hydrocracking Technologies 421 3.11 UNICAT Catalyst Technologies 422 3.11.1 UNICAT HT-86R 423 3.11.2 UNICAT Catalyst Technologies 423 3.12 Reforming Catalysts 423 3.13 Haldor Topsoe Reforming Catalysts 424 3.13.1 Topsoe Steam Reforming Features 427 3.13.2 Topsoe's Steam Reforming Portfolio 427 3.13.3 Haldor Topsoe Light Feedstock Reforming Catalysts 430 3.14 Honeywell UOP CCR Catalyst 431 3.14.1 Honeywell UOP Naphtha Hydrotreating Catalysts 432 3.14.2 UOP High Performance Chloride Treaters 433 3.14.3 UOP Hydroprocessing Guard Bed Materials 434 3.14.4 Honeywell Unity™ Hydrocracking Catalysts 435 3.14.5 Honeywell Unity™ Hydrotreating Catalysts Support End-To-End Solutions 436 3.15 SINOPEC Catalyst Company FCC, Hydrocracking Catalysts, Residual Oil Hydrogenation Catalysts, Reforming Catalysts 437 3.16 Clariant Catalysts 449 3.16.1 Clariant Petrochemical & Refining Catalysts 450 3.16.2 Clariant Syngas Catalysts 450 3.16.3 Clariant Chemical Catalysts 450 3.16.4 Clariant Emissions Control Catalyst 451 3.16.5 Clariant Custom Catalysts 452 3.17 Grace 453 3.17.1 Grace FCC Catalysts 454 3.17.2 Grace Polyolefin Catalysts 457 3.18 Albemarle FCC 463 3.18.1 Albemarle FCC Heavy Oil Upgrading 464 3.18.2 Albemarle FCC Additives 464 3.18.3 Albemarle Bespoke Catalyst Solution 465 3.18.4 Albemarle GO-ULTRA Catalyst Improving Bottoms Conversion 466 3.18.5 Albemarle Propylene Maximization in FCC and Residue FCC 468 3.18.6 Albemarle AFX 469 3.18.7 Albemarle Cerium In SOx Additives 469 3.18.8 Albemarle SOxMASTER SOx Reduction Additive 470 3.18.9 Albemarle SOx Additive Predictive Model 471 3.18.10 Albemarle’s Rare Earth Free Fuel-Sulfur and SOx-Reduction Solutions 476 3.18.11 Albemarle Driving Down Sox Mitigation Costs 476 3.18.12 Albemarle European Refinery That Uses 7% SOxMASTER 477 3.18.13 Albemarle High-Performance Low Rare Earth Technology: Rare Earth Market 477 3.18.14 Albemarle Step Change In Catalyst Design Technology For Gas Processing, Refining, Residue Upgrading And Petrochemicals 478 3.18.15 Albemarle Delivering Premium FCC Catalysts 479 3.18.16 Albemarle KF 770 Catalyst 479 3.18.17 Albemarle Bespoke Catalyst Solution 482 3.18.18 Albemarle Energy from Alternative Fuel Sources 484 3.18.19 Albemarle and Petrobras’s Brazil-Based Joint-Venture Company, Fábrica Carioca de Catalisadores SA (FCC SA) 485 3.18.20 Albemarle Advantage In Polyethylene Polyolefin Catalyst Technologies 486 3.18.21 Albemarle Breaking Into The Russian GO-ULTRA Gas Oil FCC Market 486 3.18.22 Albemarle Specialty Resins 487 3.18.23 Albemarle Polyolefin And Chemical Catalysts Division 489 3.18.24 Albemarle Catalyst Accessibility 490 3.18.25 Albemarle Propylene Maximization in FCC and Residue FCC 491 3.18.26 Albemarle AFX 491 3.19 BASF FCC Proximal Stable Matrix and Zeolite (Prox-SMZ) 492 3.19.1 BASF 493 3.19.2 BASF Multi-Stage Reaction Catalyst (MSRC) Platform 494 3.19.3 BASF Advanced Matrix Material 494 3.19.4 BASF Development of the Stamina Catalyst 496 3.19.5 BASF Stamina resid FCC Distillate Maximization Catalyst 497 3.19.6 Commercial Evaluation of BASF Stamina at Big West Oil in Salt Lake City, UT in the FCC Unit 499 3.19.7 BASF Catalyst Technology Achieves Maximization Of Highly Efficient FCC Distillate 502 3.19.8 BASF Development of the Stamina Catalyst 506 3.20 Rive Technology and Grace Davison 510 3.20.1 Rive Technology FCC 510 3.21 Johnson Matthey FCC Additives & Catalyst Handling Technologies 512 4. Refinery Catalysts Research And Technology 514 4.1 NanoWireXTM - AdEM's bulk production technology for nanowire powders 514 4.1.1 NanowireX Ultrafast Nanowire Production At Low Processing Cost 515 4.2 Nanotechnology Catalyst Technology Developments 516 4.2.1 Topsoe Fundamental Understanding Of Catalysts Through Nanotechnology 519 4.2.2 Topsoe Molybdenum Disulphide Nanocrystals 520 4.2.3 Criterion Next Generation Zeolite Nano Scale Technology And Nano Engineering At Production Levels 521 4.2.4 Criterion CRI Offers Catalysts For The Full Hydrogenation Of Benzene To Cyclohexane 525 4.3 Global Energy Demands 525 4.4 Hydrocracking Technology 527 4.4.1 HFC Designing Catalyst Systems Optimized For The Particular Reactions Occurring Inside A Hydrotreater 527 4.4.2 Albemarle Step Change In Catalyst Design Technology For Gas Processing, Refining, Residue Upgrading And Petrochemicals 528 4.4.3 Albemarle and Petrobras World-Scale Hydroprocessing Catalysts Production Plant 529 4.5 UOP Reforming Catalysts 530 4.6 Sweetening Catalysts 532 4.7 Isomerization Catalysts 532 4.7.1 Isomerization 533 4.8 Zeolite Chemistry 533 4.8.1 Zeolyst Leverages Zeolite Chemistry 533 4.8.2 Zeolyst Hydroprocessing Catalyst 536 4.8.3 Zeolites 536 4.8.4 Catalyst Zeolites Are Used To Refine Petroleum 537 4.8.5 Hydrated Aluminosilicates 538 4.8.6 Most Common Natural Zeolites 538 4.9 Rare Earth Strategies 540 4.9.1 Molycorp’s Mountain Pass, CA 541 4.9.2 Lynas Corp 542 4.9.3 Rare Earth Element Impact on Catalyst Pricing 542 4.9.4 Catalyst Substitutes That Exhibit Similar Properties To Rare Earth Elements 542 4.9.5 Albemarle’s Rare Earth Free Fuel-Sulfur and SOx-Reduction Solutions 543 4.9.6 Albemarle Rare Earth Catalyst 543 4.10 Increased Focus On Benzene Management 546 4.10.1 Refinery Options for Producing ULSD 547 4.10.2 Estimating Costs for Individual Refineries 547 4.10.3 ULSD Unit Model Assumptions 548 4.11 Emerging Catalysts 550 4.12 Bromide 551 5. Refinery Catalysts Company Profiles 552 5.1 Advanced Energy Materials LLC 552 5.2 Advanced Refining Technologies (ART) 556 5.2.1 ART A Leading Global Supplier 558 5.2.2 ART 559 5.3 Air Products 559 5.3.1 Air Products Fourth Quarter Segment Performance 563 5.4 Albemarle 563 5.4.1 Albemarle 2016 Highlights 563 5.4.2 Albemarle Refining Solutions: 566 5.4.3 Albemarle Lithium and Advanced Materials: 568 5.4.4 Albemarle Technologies 572 5.4.5 Albemarle Joint Venture in Saudi Arabia with SABIC 584 5.4.6 Albemarle and Petrobras Partnership To Provide South America With Clean Fuels 586 5.4.7 Albemarle and Petrobras Partnership To Build Hydroprocessing Catalyst (HPC) Production Plant 586 5.4.8 Albemarle Responds to New Refineries in Korea, Japan and India 587 5.4.9 Albemarle / Neste Oil Vegetable Oil Refinery 587 5.4.10 Albemarle Biofuels 588 5.4.11 Albemarle Catilin Technology 589 5.4.12 Albemarle Globalization & Consolidation, Houston Facilities 589 5.4.13 Albemarle Acquires Catilin Expanding Biofuels Catalyst Portfolio 590 5.4.14 Albemarle Discovery in Lithium Carbonate Production 591 5.4.15 Albemarle Commercial Technology Services 592 5.4.16 Albemarle Pretreat Catalysts 597 5.4.17 Albemarle Diesel Hydrotreating Catalysts 598 5.5 ART Hydroprocessing Catalysts 598 5.6 BASF 600 5.6.1 BASF Revenue 600 5.6.2 BASF 601 5.6.3 BASF Catalysts Division 601 5.6.4 BASF Acquisition Of Shell’s CRI/Criterion (Houston) Styrene Catalyst Business 601 5.6.5 BASF Qtech Formed To Commercialize Catalytic Surface Coatings For Steam Cracker Furnace Tubes602 5.7 Chevron 603 5.7.1 Chevron Pascagoula Refinery Facilities 604 5.8 Clean Diesel Technologies 605 5.8.1 Clean Diesel Meeting Global Air Quality Standards 607 5.8.2 Clean Diesel Emissions Solution 607 5.8.3 Clean Diesel Revenue 608 5.8.4 Clean Diesel Technologies / Catalytic Solutions 608 5.8.5 Catalytic Solutions Catalyst Division 610 5.9 Clariant AG / Süd-Chemie AG, Munich, a Subsidiary of the Swiss company 610 5.9.1 Clariant Acquires Sud-Chemie 611 5.9.2 Clariant Catalysis and Energy 613 5.9.3 Clariant Business Unit Catalysis & Energy 613 5.10 Dow 615 5.11 Evonik Industries 616 5.12 ExxonMobil Catalysts and Licensing LLC, 616 5.12.1 Exxon Refinery Catalyst Applications 618 5.12.2 ExxonMobil Refinery Catalyst Competitive Insights 622 5.13 Haldor Topsoe 622 5.13.1 Haldor Topsoe A/S 623 5.13.2 Haldor Topsoe 624 5.13.3 Haldor Topsoe Researching Catalysis 624 5.13.4 Haldor Topsoe Expanding Markets 625 5.13.5 Haldor Topsoe BRIM™ catalysts 626 5.13.6 Haldor Topsoe Strengthens Wet-Gas Sulphuric Acid Units (WSA) Activities in China 641 5.13.7 Topsoe Catalyst Business Model 642 5.13.8 Haldor Topsoe Catalysis Research 642 5.13.9 Haldor Topsoe Revenue 643 5.13.10 Topsoe Wet-Gas Sulphuric Acid WSA 644 5.13.11 Topsoe WSA Expanding Markets 644 5.13.12 Topsoe's Refining Experience 645 5.13.13 Haldor Topsoe BRIM™ Catalysts 645 5.13.14 Topsoe Hydroprocessing 649 5.13.15 Haldor Topsoe Market Experience 649 5.13.16 Haldor Topsoe Catalysts 650 5.13.17 Haldor Topsoe India Private Limited 650 5.13.18 Haldor Topsoe 651 5.13.19 Haldor Topsoe Advises Clients 651 5.13.20 Haldor Topsoe Catalyst Market Activity 651 5.13.21 Haldor Topsoe 654 5.13.22 Haldor Topsoe Researching Catalysis 654 5.14 Headwaters Technology Innovation (HTI) 656 5.15 Honeywell / UOP 657 5.15.1 Honeywell Management Discussion 2016 657 5.15.2 Honeywell Business 657 5.15.3 Honeywell Automation and Control Solutions 658 5.15.4 Honeywell Performance Materials and Technologies 659 5.15.5 Honeywell Competition 660 5.15.6 Honeywell UOP Technology Selected by Petrobras for Two New Refineries to Expand Diesel Production 661 5.15.7 UOP LLC, a Honeywell (NYSE: HON) Contracts 661 5.15.8 UOP Regional Locations 663 5.15.9 UOP Catalysts 664 5.15.10 Catalysts for Refining 665 5.15.11 UOP Catalyst Solutions Applications: 665 5.15.12 UOP Distillate-Selective Catalysts 668 5.15.13 UPO Hydrotreating Catalysts 672 5.15.14 UOP / Albemarle Guard Bed 672 5.15.15 UOP Reforming Catalysts: 674 5.15.16 UOP CCR Platforming Catalysts 675 5.15.17 UOP Cyclic Reforming Catalysts 675 5.15.18 UOP Naphtha Hydrotreating Catalysts 676 5.15.19 UOP Sulfur Guard Beds 676 5.15.20 UOP High Performance Adsorbents for Drying 676 5.15.21 UOP High Performance Chloride Treaters 677 5.15.22 UOP Isomerization Catalysts: 677 5.15.23 UOP Isomerization Catalysts 679 5.15.24 UOP BenSat Catalysts for Benzene Saturation 680 5.15.25 UOP Naphtha Hydrotreating Catalysts 680 5.15.26 UOP Sulfur Guard Beds for Isomerization Process 681 5.15.27 UOP High Performance Adsorbents for Drying 681 5.15.28 UOP Merox™ Treating Catalysts 681 5.15.29 UOP Treating Catalysts 682 5.15.30 UOP Catalyst For Aromatics Production 684 5.15.31 UOP Liquid-Phase Alkylation Catalysts 684 5.15.32 UOP Aromatics Complex 685 5.15.33 UOP Ethylbenzene & Styrene 686 5.15.34 UOP Cumene & Phenol 686 5.15.35 UOP Advanced Catalysts Solutions for Olefins Production 687 5.15.36 UOP Olefin Catalysts 687 5.15.37 UOP Catalysts for High Quality Detergents Production 687 5.15.38 UOP Detergents Technologies 688 5.15.39 Honeywell / UOP Renewable Energy and Chemicals Business 689 5.15.40 UOP and Albemarle Form a Hydroprocessing Alliance 690 5.15.41 UOP Partnership with Crystaphase Products 691 5.16 IFP Energies Nouvelles Group Company / Axens / Eurecat 692 5.16.1 IFP Energies Nouvelles Group Company / Eurecat : Catalyst Regeneration And Conditioning Services694 5.16.2 Axens 694 5.16.3 Axens Main Areas Of Activity 695 5.16.4 Axens’ Business Units 700 5.16.5 Axens Acquires Shell's Criterion Reforming Catalysts & Technology Division 700 5.16.6 Axens Engineering Support 701 5.16.7 Axens Pilot Plant Testing 701 5.16.8 Axens, / IFP Energies nouvelles Group Company R&D Investment 702 5.16.9 Axens Positioning: 702 5.16.10 Axens Oil Refining Catalysts 703 5.16.11 Axens Top of The Barrel Octanizing 705 5.16.12 Axens Diesel Hydrotreating 705 5.16.13 Axens Catalytic Regeneration Reforming 706 5.17 Indian Oil Corporation 707 5.17.1 IndianOil Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport, Mumbai 708 5.18 Johnson Matthey 709 5.18.1 Johnson Matthey Global Divisions 717 5.18.2 Johnson Matthey Acquires FCC Additives Producer Intercat Catalysts 717 5.18.3 Johnson Matthey Emission Control Technologies 717 5.19 KBR Hydroprocessing 717 5.20 Nanostellar 718 5.21 Petrobras Partnership with Albemarle 723 5.21.1 Petrobras Hydroprocessing Catalysts Investing To Improve Quality Of Oil Derived Streams 724 5.22 Quantiam Technologies Inc. 724 5.23 Shell / Criterion 725 5.23.1 Shell Financial Performance in 2016 725 5.23.2 Criterion Catalyst Portfolio Performance Data 727 5.23.3 Shell Oil Upstream 729 5.23.4 Shell Oil Downstream 730 5.23.5 Shell Sekiyu 731 5.23.6 Shell Exploration 731 5.23.7 Shell Integrated Gas 731 5.23.8 Shell CRI 732 CO2 Polishing Catalyst 736 Dioxin Destruction 736 Ethylene Oxide 736 Guard Bed Materials 737 N2O Abatement 737 Selective Hydrogenation Catalysts 737 VOC Catalyst & CO Catalyst 737 Environmental Catalysts 737 Full Hydrogenation Catalysts 738 Membranes 738 Renewables 738 SCR Catalyst (DeNOX) 738 Vinyl Acetate Monomer Catalyst 738 5.23.9 Shell CRI Catalyst Company CRI/Criterion 741 Research and development 742 Shell Global Solutions Technology Licensing 742 Shell Global Solutions products and services - opens in new window 742 5.23.10 Criterion Markets, Customers, Products & Services 743 5.23.11 Shell Criterion 746 5.23.12 Criterion Sustainable Development 749 5.23.13 Shell's Criterion Catalysts & Technology Sells Division to Axens 749 5.24 Shoaibi Group / General Technology & Systems Company Ltd (GENTAS) 750 5.25 Sinopec China Petrochemical Corporation 750 5.25.1 Sinopec Group China's Largest Producer And Supplier Of Refined Oil Products 753 5.25.2 SINOPEC Catalyst Company 754 5.25.3 SINOPEC Catalyst Company FCC, Hydrocracking Catalysts, Residual Oil Hydrogenation Catalysts, Reforming Catalysts 755 5.26 UNICAT Catalyst Technologies 756 5.26.1 UNICAT Catalysts for Hydrogen Production 758 5.26.2 UNICAT Catalysts 760 5.27 WR Grace 762 5.27.1 WR Grace Management Discussion 763 5.27.2 WR Grace Refining Technologies 764 5.27.3 Grace Construction Products 764 5.27.4 Grace Refining Technologies 765 5.27.5 Grace Construction Products 765 5.27.6 Grace Specialty Catalysts & Process Technologies 765 5.27.7 Grace Polyethylene Catalysts 767 5.27.8 Grace Refining Technologies 768 5.27.9 Grace Specialty Catalysts 768 5.27.10 Grace Refining Technologies: Fluid Catalytic Cracking 770 5.27.11 Grace Refining Technologies: Hydroprocessing Catalysts 770 5.27.12 Grace Refining Technologies 771 5.27.13 Grace Advanced Refining Technologies 772 5.27.14 Grace ART Hydrotreating Fundamentals- 772 5.27.15 Grace Davison 773 5.27.16 Grace Construction Products 773 5.27.17 Grace Construction Specialty Building Materials 773 5.28 Zeochem 774 5.28.1 Zeochem AG Has Developed And Manufactured High Silica Zeolite Products 775 5.28.2 Zeochem AG Volatile Organic Compounds VOC's 775 5.28.3 ZEOcat® Pentasil Structure Zeolites 776 5.28.4 ZEOcat® Mordenite Crystal Structure Zeolite 776 5.28.5 ZEOCHEM® Molecular Sieves 777 5.28.6 ZEOCHEM Molecular Sieve Adsorbents Basics 778 5.29 Zeolyst 779 5.30 Selected Refinery Catalyst Companies 780 5.30.1 Emerging Catalyst Companies 781 5.30.2 FCC Catalyst & Additive Suppliers 781 5.30.3 Selected Companies 785 5.30.4 Government Agencies and Other Organizations 813

Figure 1. Refinery Catalyst Market Trends 42 Figure 2. Refinery Catalyst Market Driving Forces 44 Figure 3. Refinery Catalyst Market Shares, Dollars, Worldwide, 2016 47 Figure 4. Refinery Catalysts Market Shares, Dollars, Worldwide, 2016 48 Figure 5. Refinery Catalysts Market Forecasts, Shipments, Dollars, Worldwide, 2017-2023 50 Figure 6. Oil and Gas Catalysts 51 Figure 7. Refining Catalyst Market Catalytic Processes Market Factors 55 Figure 8. Worldwide Refining Industry Profit Margin Improvement Strategy 56 Figure 9. Refining Catalysts Usage 62 Figure 10. Shell Oil Maximizing Diesel Production Through Integrated Hydroprocessing 71 Figure 11. Naphtha Hydrotreating 73 Figure 12. Kerosene Hydrotreating 73 Figure 13. Diesel Hydrotreating 73 Figure 14. VGO Hydrotreating (FCC Pretreat) 74 Figure 15. Typical Causes Of Deactivation Of Hydroprocessing Catalysts 75 Figure 16. Hydrotreating Catalysts Uses 76 Figure 17. FCC Additives And Catalyst Objectives 78 Figure 18. Handling Chemistry Challenges 84 Figure 19. Production Of Ultra-Low-Sulfur Diesel ULSD Complexities 85 Figure 20. Natural Gas Market Growth 89 Figure 21. LNG Value Chain Opportunities 90 Figure 22. Refinery Catalyst Market Trends 92 Figure 23. Refinery Catalyst Market Driving Forces 94 Figure 24. Refinery Catalyst Market Shares, Dollars, Worldwide, 2016 98 Figure 25. Refinery Catalysts Market Shares, Dollars, Worldwide, 2016 99 Figure 26. Refinery Catalysts Market Forecasts, Shipments, Dollars, Worldwide, 2017-2023 108 Figure 27. Refinery Catalysts Market Forecasts, Worldwide, 2017-2023 109 Figure 28. US Barrels per Day Production Capacity 116 Figure 29. World Energy Consumption, Oil, Coal, Gas, Renewables, Nuclear 120 Figure 30. Worldwide Refinery Capacity Additions 122 Figure 31. Non OECD Capacity Additions 123 Figure 32. Refining Catalyst Key Trends 125 Figure 33. Hydroprocessing Catalysts Market Shares, Dollars, Graph, 2016 127 Figure 34. Hydroprocessing Catalysts Market Shares, Dollars, 2016 128 Figure 35. Hydroprocessing Catalysts Market Forecasts, Shipments, Dollars, Worldwide, 2017-2023 146 Figure 36. Hydroprocessing Catalyst Market Forecasts, Shipments, Dollars, Worldwide, 2017-2023 147 Figure 37. Hydroprocessing Catalysts: Hydrotreating And Hydrocracking Segment Market Forecasts, Shipments, Worldwide, Dollars, 2017-2023 148 Figure 38. Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) Catalyst Market Shares, Dollars, 2016 156 Figure 39. Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) Catalyst Market Shares, Dollars, 2016 157 Figure 40. Fluid Catalytic Cracking FCC Catalysts Market Forecasts Worldwide, 2017-2023 160 Figure 41. Reforming Catalysts, Market Shares, Dollars, Worldwide, 2016 163 Figure 42. Reforming Catalysts Market Shares, Dollars, Worldwide, 2016 164 Figure 43. Haldor Topsoe Offers RKNGR Industry Segments 167 Figure 44. Johnson Matthey Catalysts Pre-Reforming 168 Figure 45. Reforming Catalysts Market Forecasts Worldwide, 2017-2023 169 Figure 46. Reforming Catalysts Market Forecasts Worldwide, 2017-2023 170 Figure 47. Refining Catalyst Types 171 Figure 48. Refining, Re-Refining, and Biofuel Catalysts Market Forecast Worldwide, 2014 to 2022 176 Figure 49. Refining, Re-Refining, and Biofuel Catalysts Market Forecast Dollars, US, 2014-2022 177 Figure 50. Types of Oil Refinery Catalysts 180 Figure 51. Refining Catalyst Materials 180 Figure 52. Crude Oil Refinery Market Driving Forces 181 Figure 53. Crude Oil Refinery Catalysts Market Driving Forces 182 Figure 54. Crude Oil Refinery Catalysts Regional Market Driving Forces 183 Figure 55. Crude Oil Refinery Catalysts Strategies for Growth 184 Figure 56. Re-Refining Catalyst Market Driving Forces 188 Figure 57. Re-Refining Feedstock Challenges 188 Figure 58. Biofuel Catalyst Market Benefits 195 Figure 59. Biofuel Catalyst Market Challenges 196 Figure 60. World Consumption of Energy 199 Figure 61. Worldwide Crude Oil Price Forecasts 202 Figure 62. Lithium Market Opportunity 205 Figure 63. Lithium Market Opportunity 206 Figure 64. Global Refinery Catalyst Market, By Products 209 Figure 65. Global Zeolite Products 209 Figure 66. Global Refinery Catalyst Metals 209 Figure 67. Global Catalyst Precious Metals Market 210 Figure 68. Global Refinery Catalyst Transition And Base Metals 210 Figure 69. Global Compounds Market, By Products 211 Figure 70. Refinery Catalyst Regional Market Segments, 2016 248 Figure 71. Refinery Catalyst Regional Market Segments, 2016 249 Figure 72. Albemarle Investing in Developing Markets / Catalysts 258 Figure 73. Albemarle Regional Market 259 Figure 74. Albemarle Positioning In Asia 260 Figure 75. Albemarle Positioning In Middle East / India 261 Figure 76. Albemarle Global Positioning for Organometallics 262 Figure 77. Oil Refining FCC and Hydroprocessing Catalyst Market Drivers 266 Figure 78. Oil Refining Catalyst Market Strengths 267 Figure 79. Oil Refining Catalyst Market Weaknesses 268 Figure 80. Oil Refining Catalyst Market Opportunities 268 Figure 81. Oil Refining Catalyst Market Challenges 270 Figure 82. Sub-Markets Of The Oil Refinery Catalyst Market 271 Figure 83. Major Types Of Refinery Catalysts 272 Figure 84. Albemarle Primary Divisions 273 Figure 85. Albemarle Chemical Process Catalyst Business Group Provides A Range Of Catalytic Solutions 274 Figure 86. Hydroprocessing Alliance combines Albemarle’s Advanced STARS and Nebula with UOP Hydrocracking Catalyst 278 Figure 87. Albemarle and UOP Alliance Albemarle’s Diesel Hydrotreating Catalyst 279 Figure 88. Albemarle HFC Unique Catalyst Systems Design Features 284 Figure 89. Neste Oil / Albemarle NExBTL Proprietary Diesel Catalyst Technology Operational Plants by Production Quantity 287 Figure 90. Selected Albemarle Catalysts 292 Figure 91. Selected Albemarle Specially Designed Catalysts 297 Figure 92. Albemarle ATIS 300 Figure 93. Albemarle Range Of Services 302 Figure 94. UOP And Albemarle Catalysts Guard Bed System Against Inorganic Fouling Elements 304 Figure 95. UOP and Albermarle Hydroprocessing Catalysts Guard Bed 305 Figure 96. Albemarle Portfolio Of Biofuel Catalyst 308 Figure 97. Haldor Topsoe TK-449 SiliconTrap 313 Figure 98. Haldor Topsoe TK-747 HyOctane 314 Figure 99. Haldor Topsoe TK-611 HyBRIM 315 Figure 100. Haldor Topsoe TK-578 BRIM 316 Figure 101. Haldor Topsoe Refining Solutions 317 Figure 102. Haldor Topsoe Catalyst Portfolio 320 Figure 103. ART As The Single Point Of Contact For All Hydroprocessing Catalysts 337 Figure 104. Chevron CLG's Three-Step, All-Hydroprocessing 341 Figure 105. Chevron Hydroprocessing Technology 342 Figure 106. AdEM Advanced Catalyst, Scalable And Cost-Effective Manufacturing 344 Figure 107. Advanced Energy Materials Lithium-ion Batteries 345 Figure 108. NanoWireX – AdEM Bulk Production Technology for Nanowire Powders 347 Figure 109. NanoWireX –Diesel Catalyst Nanowire Technology 348 Figure 110. NanoWireX – AdEM Bulk Nanowire 348 Figure 111. Axens Hydrocracking 349 Figure 112. Axens Hydrocracking Technology Uses 350 Figure 113. Axens FCC, SC Feeds 350 Figure 114. Axens Recommended Hydrocracking Process 352 Figure 115. Axens Hydrocracking Technology Uses 360 Figure 116. Axens FCC, SC feeds 360 Figure 117. Axens Recommended Hydrocracking Process 362 Figure 118. CRI Range Of Catalysts With Specific Focus On Hydrogenation Catalysts 365 Figure 119. Criterion Range Of Commercial Service Experiences 366 Figure 120. Shell Criterion CRI Catalyst Manufacturing Capabilities 371 Figure 121. Shell CRI-Criterion Catalysts Multitude Of Sizes 372 Figure 122. Shell CRI-Criterion Catalysts Analysis Capabilities 373 Figure 123. Shell CRI SCR Catalyst System Components 375 Figure 124. Shell, the CRI SCR Catalyst System Applications 378 Figure 125. Shell CRI-Criterion Catalyst Portfolio 384 Figure 126. Criterion Naphtha Hydrotreating Catalysts 387 Figure 127. Criterion Hydrogenation Catalysts 388 Figure 128. Shell CRI Catalyst Portfolio 389 Figure 129. Criterion Typical Hydroprocessing Process Unit for Catalyst Products 390 Figure 130. Criterion Hydrotreating Catalysts 391 Figure 131. Shell Criterion CRI Ascent Catalyst Hydrogeneration Environment, H2 Consumption 394 Figure 132. Criterion Ascent Catalyst Diesel Benefits 395 Figure 133. Criterion ULSD Catalyst Centers 396 Figure 134. Criterion Distillate Hydrotreating 397 Figure 135. Criterion Nano Engineering Effects Illustrated 401 Figure 136. Criterion Proprietary Zeolite 402 Figure 137. Criterion Base Metal Hydrotreating Catalysts Support Flexibility 403 Figure 138. Criterion R&D Challenge 403 Figure 139. Criterion's Distillate Hydrotreating Catalyst Type/Applications Description 404 Figure 140. Criterion's Grading and Poison Control Catalyst Type/Applications Description 406 Figure 141. Criterion FCC Catalyst Type/Applications Description 408 Figure 142. BASF Uses for Base-Metal for Copper And Copper-Chrome Catalysts 414 Figure 143. Haldor Topsoe RKNGR Reforming Catalysts 425 Figure 144. Topsoe's Steam Reforming Technologies 427 Figure 145. Haldor Topsoe Reforming Catalysts 428 Figure 146. Haldor Topsoe Reforming Catalysts 430 Figure 147. Honeywell UOP Range of CCR Platforming Catalysts 432 Figure 148. 3.16.1 Honeywell UOP Naphtha Hydrotreating Catalysts 433 Figure 149. UOP’s Hydroprocessing UF-75 catalyst 434 Figure 151. Honeywell Unity Hydrocracking Catalyst 437 Figure 152. SINOPEC Residue Cracking Catalyst 438 Figure 153. Clariant Emissions Catalyst Gases Controlled 452 Figure 154. Grace Catalysts Technologies Key Segments With Market-Leading Positions: 454 Figure 155. Grace FCC Catalysts Technologies 456 Figure 156. Grace Polyolefin Catalysts 459 Figure 157. Catalyst Components-Transition Metal Components 460 Figure 158. Grace Construction Fluid Catalytic Cracking Catalysts And Additives 462 Figure 159. Albemarle SOx Additive Predictive Model Metrics 473 Figure 160. Albemarle Catalyst Flow Diagram 474 Figure 161. Albemarle Polyolefin Catalyst Innovative Chemistries 475 Figure 162. Albemarle Polyolefin Catalysts Aspects 488 Figure 163. BASF FCC Yield Data for HDXtra 503 Figure 164. BASF Competitive Data HDXtra 504 Figure 165. BASF Competitive Data for Coke 505 Figure 166. BASF SEM Micrographs Of A FCC Catalyst With Prox-SMZ Technology 507 Figure 167. BASF Comparison of Coke Yield and LCO Selectivity of Flex-Tec and Stamina 508 Figure 168. BASF Flex and Stamina Comparison of the Bottoms and Naphtha Yield 509 Figure 169. Johnson Matthey Process Technologies FCC Additives And Addition Systems 513 Figure 170. AdEM NanowireX 514 Figure 171. Nanostellar Nanoparticle Surface Compositions That Change with Conditions 517 Figure 172. Nanostellar's Rational Design Methodology 518 Figure 173. Topsoe Supported RH Nanocrystal 519 Figure 174. Criterion Nano Engineering Effects Illustrated 522 Figure 175. Criterion Proprietary Zeolite 523 Figure 176. Criterion Base Metal Hydrotreating Catalysts Support Flexibility 524 Figure 177. Criterion R&D Challenge 524 Figure 178. Oil Refining Catalysts 526 Figure 179. Honeywell UOP CCR Platforming Process 531 Figure 180. Variations In Zeolite Chemistry 534 Figure 181. Zeolyst Standard Zeolite Powders 535 Figure 182. Albemarle Bromide Position 551 Figure 183. Advanced Energy Materials Commercialization Of Nanowire Based Materials Images 553 Figure 184. Air Products Target Markets 560 Figure 185. Air Products Formulations Developed 561 Figure 186. Air Products Specialty Chemicals Cost Benefits 562 Figure 187. Albemarle Business Segments 570 Figure 188. Albemarle Technologies 572 Figure 189. Albemarle Technology Platform Opportunity Scope 573 Figure 190. Albemarle Technology Platform Lithium Opportunity 574 Figure 191. Albemarle Platform Opportunity To Invest in Current Business 575 Figure 192. Albemarle Intersection of Core Capabilities Drives Competitive Advantage 576 Figure 193. Albemarle Technology Platform Adjacent Opportunities 577 Figure 194. Albemarle M&A 578 Figure 195. Albemarle Core Strengths 579 Figure 196. Albemarle Market Leadership Position 580 Figure 197. Albemarle Catalysts Revenue Opportunity 581 Figure 198. Albemarle Catalyst Solution Opportunity for Market Leading Position 582 Figure 199. Albemarle Sees Demand for Bromine Based Fire Safety 583 Figure 200. Albemarle Major Growth Opportunities for Organometallics 585 Figure 201. Albemarle Fluid Catalytic Cracking FCC Catalyst Services 593 Figure 202. Albemarle Process Additives 594 Figure 203. Süd-Chemie Functional Materials, Catalysts and Energy 611 Figure 204. ExxonMobil View of North America Refinery Catalyst Market Revenue By Material, Zeolite, Metallic, Chemical Compounds, 2012-2022 (USD Million) 617 Figure 205. Exxon Mobil Catalyst Production Of High-Quality Diesel With Good Low Temperature Properties 621 Figure 206. Haldor Topsoe Solutions 626 Figure 207. Haldor Topsoe Catalyst portfolio 626 Figure 208. Selected Topsoe Partnerships 647 Figure 209. Topsoe New Catalysts And Processes 656 Figure 210. UOP and Albemarle Hydroprocessing Alliance 690 Figure 211. UOP CatTrap Solutions: 691 Figure 212. Axens’ Main Areas Of Activity 696 Figure 213. Axens’ Main Areas Of Activity, Image 697 Figure 214. Axens Portfolio Of Technologies, Catalysts, Adsorbents And Services 699 Figure 215. Axens Business Units: 700 Figure 216. Axens Oil Refining Catalysts 703 Figure 217. Axens Octanizing (Continuous Catalytic Regeneration Reforming) 706 Figure 218. Nanostellar Nanoparticle Surface Compositions That Change with Conditions 719 Figure 219. Nanostellar's Rational Design Methodology 721 Figure 220. Nanostellar Rational Design Methodology Approach 722 Figure 221. Nanostellar Rational Design Methodology Approach 723 Figure 222. Criterion Catalyst Portfolio 726 Figure 223. Shell CRI Specific Application Catalysts 733 Figure 224. Shell CRI Catalysts 735 Figure 225. Shell CRI SCR Catalyst (DeNOX) 736 Figure 226. Shell CRI Catalysts 736 Figure 227. CRI Catalyst Specific Applications 739 Figure 228. Shell Criterion Catalysts & Technologies Technical services 742 Figure 229. Shell Criterion Hydroprocessing Catalysts 744 Figure 230. Criterion Product Applications 746 Figure 231. UNICAT Fundamental Principles 756 Figure 232. UNICAT Lines Of Catalyst: Xevin Designs 757 Figure 233. UNICAT's Catalyst Uses 758 Figure 234. UNICAT Catalysts 759 Figure 235. Grace Specialty Catalysts 766