Table of Contents EMEA (Europe, Middle East and Africa) Bacteriological Testing Market Report 2018 1 Bacteriological Testing Overview 1.1 Product Overview and Scope of Bacteriological Testing 1.2 Classification of Bacteriological Testing 1.2.1 EMEA Bacteriological Testing Market Size (Sales) Comparison by Type (2013-2025) 1.2.2 EMEA Bacteriological Testing Market Size (Sales) Market Share by Type (Product Category) in 2017 1.2.3 Traditional 1.2.4 Rapid 1.3 EMEA Bacteriological Testing Market by Application/End Users 1.3.1 EMEA Bacteriological Testing Sales (Volume) and Market Share Comparison by Application (2013-2025) 1.3.2 Food & beverage 1.3.3 Water 1.3.4 Pharmaceutical 1.3.5 Cosmetics 1.4 EMEA Bacteriological Testing Market by Region 1.4.1 EMEA Bacteriological Testing Market Size (Value) Comparison by Region (2013-2025) 1.4.2 Europe Status and Prospect (2013-2025) 1.4.3 Middle East Status and Prospect (2013-2025) 1.4.4 Africa Status and Prospect (2013-2025) 1.5 EMEA Market Size (Value and Volume) of Bacteriological Testing (2013-2025) 1.5.1 EMEA Bacteriological Testing Sales and Growth Rate (2013-2025) 1.5.2 EMEA Bacteriological Testing Revenue and Growth Rate (2013-2025) 2 EMEA Bacteriological Testing Competition by Manufacturers/Players/Suppliers, Region, Type and Application 2.1 EMEA Bacteriological Testing Market Competition by Players/Manufacturers 2.1.1 EMEA Bacteriological Testing Sales Volume and Market Share of Major Players (2013-2018) 2.1.2 EMEA Bacteriological Testing Revenue and Share by Players (2013-2018) 2.1.3 EMEA Bacteriological Testing Sale Price by Players (2013-2018) 2.2 EMEA Bacteriological Testing (Volume and Value) by Type/Product Category 2.2.1 EMEA Bacteriological Testing Sales and Market Share by Type (2013-2018) 2.2.2 EMEA Bacteriological Testing Revenue and Market Share by Type (2013-2018) 2.2.3 EMEA Bacteriological Testing Sale Price by Type (2013-2018) 2.3 EMEA Bacteriological Testing (Volume) by Application 2.4 EMEA Bacteriological Testing (Volume and Value) by Region 2.4.1 EMEA Bacteriological Testing Sales and Market Share by Region (2013-2018) 2.4.2 EMEA Bacteriological Testing Revenue and Market Share by Region (2013-2018) 2.4.3 EMEA Bacteriological Testing Sales Price by Region (2013-2018) 3 Europe Bacteriological Testing (Volume, Value and Sales Price), by Players, Countries, Type and Application 3.1 Europe Bacteriological Testing Sales and Value (2013-2018) 3.1.1 Europe Bacteriological Testing Sales Volume and Growth Rate (2013-2018) 3.1.2 Europe Bacteriological Testing Revenue and Growth Rate (2013-2018) 3.2 Europe Bacteriological Testing Sales and Market Share by Type 3.3 Europe Bacteriological Testing Sales and Market Share by Application 3.4 Europe Bacteriological Testing Sales Volume and Value (Revenue) by Countries 3.4.1 Europe Bacteriological Testing Sales Volume by Countries (2013-2018) 3.4.2 Europe Bacteriological Testing Revenue by Countries (2013-2018) 3.4.3 Germany Bacteriological Testing Sales and Growth Rate (2013-2018) 3.4.4 France Bacteriological Testing Sales and Growth Rate (2013-2018) 3.4.5 UK Bacteriological Testing Sales and Growth Rate (2013-2018) 3.4.6 Russia Bacteriological Testing Sales and Growth Rate (2013-2018) 3.4.7 Italy Bacteriological Testing Sales and Growth Rate (2013-2018) 3.4.8 Benelux Bacteriological Testing Sales and Growth Rate (2013-2018) 4 Middle East Bacteriological Testing (Volume, Value and Sales Price), by Region, Type and Application 4.1 Middle East Bacteriological Testing Sales and Value (2013-2018) 4.1.1 Middle East Bacteriological Testing Sales Volume and Growth Rate (2013-2018) 4.1.2 Middle East Bacteriological Testing Revenue and Growth Rate (2013-2018) 4.2 Middle East Bacteriological Testing Sales and Market Share by Type 4.3 Middle East Bacteriological Testing Sales and Market Share by Application 4.4 Middle East Bacteriological Testing Sales Volume and Value (Revenue) by Countries 4.4.1 Middle East Bacteriological Testing Sales Volume by Countries (2013-2018) 4.4.2 Middle East Bacteriological Testing Revenue by Countries (2013-2018) 4.4.3 Saudi Arabia Bacteriological Testing Sales and Growth Rate (2013-2018) 4.4.4 Israel Bacteriological Testing Sales and Growth Rate (2013-2018) 4.4.5 UAE Bacteriological Testing Sales and Growth Rate (2013-2018) 4.4.6 Iran Bacteriological Testing Sales and Growth Rate (2013-2018) 5 Africa Bacteriological Testing (Volume, Value and Sales Price) by Players, Countries, Type and Application 5.1 Africa Bacteriological Testing Sales and Value (2013-2018) 5.1.1 Africa Bacteriological Testing Sales Volume and Growth Rate (2013-2018) 5.1.2 Africa Bacteriological Testing Revenue and Growth Rate (2013-2018) 5.2 Africa Bacteriological Testing Sales and Market Share by Type 5.3 Africa Bacteriological Testing Sales and Market Share by Application 5.4 Africa Bacteriological Testing Sales Volume and Value (Revenue) by Countries 5.4.1 Africa Bacteriological Testing Sales Volume by Countries (2013-2018) 5.4.2 Africa Bacteriological Testing Revenue by Countries (2013-2018) 5.4.3 South Africa Bacteriological Testing Sales and Growth Rate (2013-2018) 5.4.4 Nigeria Bacteriological Testing Sales and Growth Rate (2013-2018) 5.4.5 Egypt Bacteriological Testing Sales and Growth Rate (2013-2018) 5.4.6 Algeria Bacteriological Testing Sales and Growth Rate (2013-2018) 6 EMEA Bacteriological Testing Manufacturers/Players Profiles and Sales Data 6.1 SGS (Switzerland) 6.1.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors 6.1.2 Bacteriological Testing Product Type, Application and Specification 6.1.2.1 Product A 6.1.2.2 Product B 6.1.3 SGS (Switzerland) Bacteriological Testing Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018) 6.1.4 Main Business/Business Overview 6.2 Bureau Veritas (France) 6.2.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors 6.2.2 Bacteriological Testing Product Type, Application and Specification 6.2.2.1 Product A 6.2.2.2 Product B 6.2.3 Bureau Veritas (France) Bacteriological Testing Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018) 6.2.4 Main Business/Business Overview 6.3 Intertek (UK) 6.3.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors 6.3.2 Bacteriological Testing Product Type, Application and Specification 6.3.2.1 Product A 6.3.2.2 Product B 6.3.3 Intertek (UK) Bacteriological Testing Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018) 6.3.4 Main Business/Business Overview 6.4 Eurofins (Luxembourg) 6.4.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors 6.4.2 Bacteriological Testing Product Type, Application and Specification 6.4.2.1 Product A 6.4.2.2 Product B 6.4.3 Eurofins (Luxembourg) Bacteriological Testing Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018) 6.4.4 Main Business/Business Overview ... 7 Bacteriological Testing Manufacturing Cost Analysis 7.1 Bacteriological Testing Key Raw Materials Analysis 7.1.1 Key Raw Materials 7.1.2 Price Trend of Key Raw Materials 7.1.3 Key Suppliers of Raw Materials 7.1.4 Market Concentration Rate of Raw Materials 7.2 Proportion of Manufacturing Cost Structure 7.2.1 Raw Materials 7.2.2 Labor Cost 7.2.3 Manufacturing Expenses 7.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Bacteriological Testing 8 Industrial Chain, Sourcing Strategy and Downstream Buyers 8.1 Bacteriological Testing Industrial Chain Analysis 8.2 Upstream Raw Materials Sourcing 8.3 Raw Materials Sources of Bacteriological Testing Major Manufacturers in 2017 8.4 Downstream Buyers 9 Marketing Strategy Analysis, Distributors/Traders 9.1 Marketing Channel 9.1.1 Direct Marketing 9.1.2 Indirect Marketing 9.1.3 Marketing Channel Development Trend 9.2 Market Positioning 9.2.1 Pricing Strategy 9.2.2 Brand Strategy 9.2.3 Target Client 9.3 Distributors/Traders List 10 Market Effect Factors Analysis 10.1 Technology Progress/Risk 10.1.1 Substitutes Threat 10.1.2 Technology Progress in Related Industry 10.2 Consumer Needs/Customer Preference Change 10.3 Economic/Political Environmental Change 11 EMEA Bacteriological Testing Market Forecast (2018-2025) 11.1 EMEA Bacteriological Testing Sales, Revenue and Price Forecast (2018-2025) 11.1.1 EMEA Bacteriological Testing Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2018-2025) 11.1.2 EMEA Bacteriological Testing Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2018-2025) 11.1.3 EMEA Bacteriological Testing Price and Trend Forecast (2018-2025) 11.2 EMEA Bacteriological Testing Sales, Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast by Region (2018-2025) 11.3 Europe Bacteriological Testing Sales, Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast by Region (2018-2025) 11.4 Middle Eastt Bacteriological Testing Sales, Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast by Region (2018-2025) 11.5 Africa Bacteriological Testing Sales, Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast by Region (2018-2025) 11.6 EMEA Bacteriological Testing Sales Forecast by Type (2018-2025) 11.7 EMEA Bacteriological Testing Sales Forecast by Application (2018-2025) 12 Research Findings and Conclusion 13 Appendix 13.1 Methodology/Research Approach 13.1.1 Research Programs/Design 13.1.2 Market Size Estimation 13.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation 13.2 Data Source 13.2.1 Secondary Sources 13.2.2 Primary Sources 13.3 Disclaimer

List of Tables and Figures Figure Product Picture of Bacteriological Testing Figure EMEA Bacteriological Testing Sales Volume (K Units) by Type (2013-2025) Figure EMEA Bacteriological Testing Sales Volume Market Share by Type (Product Category) in 2017 Figure Traditional Product Picture Figure Rapid Product Picture Figure EMEA Bacteriological Testing Sales Volume (K Units) by Application (2013-2025) Figure EMEA Sales Market Share of Bacteriological Testing by Application in 2017 Figure Food & beverage Examples Table Key Downstream Customer in Food & beverage Figure Water Examples Table Key Downstream Customer in Water Figure Pharmaceutical Examples Table Key Downstream Customer in Pharmaceutical Figure Cosmetics Examples Table Key Downstream Customer in Cosmetics Figure EMEA Bacteriological Testing Market Size (Million USD) by Region (2013-2025) Figure Europe Bacteriological Testing Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2013-2025) Figure Europe Bacteriological Testing Revenue (Million USD) Status and Forecast by Countries Figure Middle East Bacteriological Testing Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2013-2025) Figure Middle East Bacteriological Testing Revenue (Million USD) Status and Forecast by Countries Figure Africa Bacteriological Testing Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2013-2025) Figure Africa Bacteriological Testing Revenue (Million USD) Status and Forecast by Countries Figure EMEA Bacteriological Testing Sales Volume and Growth Rate (2013-2025) Figure EMEA Bacteriological Testing Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2013-2025) Figure EMEA Bacteriological Testing Market Major Players Product Sales Volume (K Units) (2013-2018) Table EMEA Bacteriological Testing Sales Volume (K Units) of Major Players (2013-2018) Table EMEA Bacteriological Testing Sales Share by Players (2013-2018) Figure 2017 Bacteriological Testing Sales Share by Players Figure 2017 Bacteriological Testing Sales Share by Players Figure EMEA Bacteriological Testing Market Major Players Product Revenue (Million USD) (2013-2018) Table EMEA Bacteriological Testing Revenue (Million USD) by Players (2013-2018) Table EMEA Bacteriological Testing Revenue Share by Players (2013-2018) Table 2017 EMEA Bacteriological Testing Revenue Share by Players Table 2017 EMEA Bacteriological Testing Revenue Share by Players Table EMEA Bacteriological Testing Sale Price (USD/Unit) by Players (2013-2018) Table EMEA Bacteriological Testing Sales (K Units) and Market Share by Type (2013-2018) Table EMEA Bacteriological Testing Sales Share by Type (2013-2018) Figure Sales Market Share of Bacteriological Testing by Type (2013-2018) Figure EMEA Bacteriological Testing Sales Market Share by Type (2013-2018) Table EMEA Bacteriological Testing Revenue (Million USD) and Market Share by Type (2013-2018) Table EMEA Bacteriological Testing Revenue Share by Type (2013-2018) Figure Revenue Market Share of Bacteriological Testing by Type in 2017 Table EMEA Bacteriological Testing Sale Price (USD/Unit) by Type (2013-2018) Table EMEA Bacteriological Testing Sales (K Units) and Market Share by Application (2013-2018) Table EMEA Bacteriological Testing Sales Share by Application (2013-2018) Figure Sales Market Share of Bacteriological Testing by Application (2013-2018) Figure EMEA Bacteriological Testing Sales Market Share by Application in 2017 Table EMEA Bacteriological Testing Sales (K Units) and Market Share by Region (2013-2018) Table EMEA Bacteriological Testing Sales Share by Region (2013-2018) Figure Sales Market Share of Bacteriological Testing by Region (2013-2018) Figure EMEA Bacteriological Testing Sales Market Share in 2017 Table EMEA Bacteriological Testing Revenue (Million USD) and Market Share by Region (2013-2018) Table EMEA Bacteriological Testing Revenue Share by Region (2013-2018) Figure Revenue Market Share of Bacteriological Testing by Region (2013-2018) Figure EMEA Bacteriological Testing Revenue Market Share Regions in 2017 Table EMEA Bacteriological Testing Sales Price (USD/Unit) by Region (2013-2018) Figure Europe Bacteriological Testing Sales (K Units) and Growth Rate (2013-2018) Figure Europe Bacteriological Testing Revenue and Growth Rate (2013-2018) Table Europe Bacteriological Testing Sales (K Units) by Type (2013-2018) Table Europe Bacteriological Testing Market Share by Type (2013-2018) Figure Europe Bacteriological Testing Market Share by Type in 2017 Table Europe Bacteriological Testing Sales (K Units) by Application (2013-2018) Table Europe Bacteriological Testing Market Share by Application (2013-2018) Figure Europe Bacteriological Testing Market Share by Application in 2017 Table Europe Bacteriological Testing Sales (K Units) by Countries (2013-2018) Table Europe Bacteriological Testing Sales Market Share by Countries (2013-2018) Figure Europe Bacteriological Testing Sales Market Share by Countries (2013-2018) Figure Europe Bacteriological Testing Sales Market Share by Countries in 2017 Table Europe Bacteriological Testing Revenue (Million USD) by Countries (2013-2018) Table Europe Bacteriological Testing Revenue Market Share by Countries (2013-2018) Figure Europe Bacteriological Testing Revenue Market Share by Countries (2013-2018) Figure Europe Bacteriological Testing Revenue Market Share by Countries in 2017 Figure Germany Bacteriological Testing Sales (K Units) and Growth Rate (2013-2018) Figure France Bacteriological Testing Sales (K Units) and Growth Rate (2013-2018) Figure UK Bacteriological Testing Sales (K Units) and Growth Rate (2013-2018) Figure Russia Bacteriological Testing Sales (K Units) and Growth Rate (2013-2018) Figure Italy Bacteriological Testing Sales (K Units) and Growth Rate (2013-2018) Figure Benelux Bacteriological Testing Sales (K Units) and Growth Rate (2013-2018) Figure Middle East Bacteriological Testing Sales (K Units) and Growth Rate (2013-2018) Figure Middle East Bacteriological Testing Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2013-2018) Table Middle East Bacteriological Testing Sales (K Units) by Type (2013-2018) Table Middle East Bacteriological Testing Market Share by Type (2013-2018) Figure Middle East Bacteriological Testing Market Share by Type (2013-2018) Table Middle East Bacteriological Testing Sales (K Units) by Applications (2013-2018) Table Middle East Bacteriological Testing Market Share by Applications (2013-2018) Figure Middle East Bacteriological Testing Sales Market Share by Application in 2017 Table Middle East Bacteriological Testing Sales Volume (K Units) by Countries (2013-2018) Table Middle East Bacteriological Testing Sales Volume Market Share by Countries (2013-2018) Figure Middle East Bacteriological Testing Sales Volume Market Share by Countries in 2017 Table Middle East Bacteriological Testing Revenue (Million USD) by Countries (2013-2018) Table Middle East Bacteriological Testing Revenue Market Share by Countries (2013-2018) Figure Middle East Bacteriological Testing Revenue Market Share by Countries (2013-2018) Figure Middle East Bacteriological Testing Revenue Market Share by Countries in 2017 Figure Saudi Arabia Bacteriological Testing Sales (K Units) and Growth Rate (2013-2018) Figure Israel Bacteriological Testing Sales (K Units) and Growth Rate (2013-2018) Figure UAE Bacteriological Testing Sales (K Units) and Growth Rate (2013-2018) Figure Iran Bacteriological Testing Sales (K Units) and Growth Rate (2013-2018) Figure Africa Bacteriological Testing Sales (K Units) and Growth Rate (2013-2018) Figure Africa Bacteriological Testing Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2013-2018) Table Africa Bacteriological Testing Sales (K Units) by Type (2013-2018) Table Africa Bacteriological Testing Sales Market Share by Type (2013-2018) Figure Africa Bacteriological Testing Sales Market Share by Type (2013-2018) Figure Africa Bacteriological Testing Sales Market Share by Type in 2017 Table Africa Bacteriological Testing Sales (K Units) by Application (2013-2018) Table Africa Bacteriological Testing Sales Market Share by Application (2013-2018) Figure Africa Bacteriological Testing Sales Market Share by Application (2013-2018) Table Africa Bacteriological Testing Sales Volume (K Units) by Countries (2013-2018) Table Africa Bacteriological Testing Sales Market Share by Countries (2013-2018) Figure Africa Bacteriological Testing Sales Market Share by Countries (2013-2018) Figure Africa Bacteriological Testing Sales Market Share by Countries in 2017 Table Africa Bacteriological Testing Revenue (Million USD) by Countries (2013-2018) Table Africa Bacteriological Testing Revenue Market Share by Countries (2013-2018) Figure Africa Bacteriological Testing Revenue Market Share by Countries (2013-2018) Figure Africa Bacteriological Testing Revenue Market Share by Countries in 2017 Figure South Africa Bacteriological Testing Sales (K Units) and Growth Rate (2013-2018) Figure Nigeria Bacteriological Testing Sales (K Units) and Growth Rate (2013-2018) Figure Egypt Bacteriological Testing Sales (K Units) and Growth Rate (2013-2018) Figure Algeria Bacteriological Testing Sales (K Units) and Growth Rate (2013-2018) Table SGS (Switzerland) Bacteriological Testing Basic Information List Table SGS (Switzerland) Bacteriological Testing Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2013-2018) Figure SGS (Switzerland) Bacteriological Testing Sales (K Units) and Growth Rate (2013-2018) Figure SGS (Switzerland) Bacteriological Testing Sales Market Share in EMEA (2013-2018) Figure SGS (Switzerland) Bacteriological Testing Revenue Market Share in EMEA (2013-2018) Table Bureau Veritas (France) Bacteriological Testing Basic Information List Table Bureau Veritas (France) Bacteriological Testing Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2013-2018) Figure Bureau Veritas (France) Bacteriological Testing Sales (K Units) and Growth Rate (2013-2018) Figure Bureau Veritas (France) Bacteriological Testing Sales Market Share in EMEA (2013-2018) Figure Bureau Veritas (France) Bacteriological Testing Revenue Market Share in EMEA (2013-2018) Table Intertek (UK) Bacteriological Testing Basic Information List Table Intertek (UK) Bacteriological Testing Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2013-2018) Figure Intertek (UK) Bacteriological Testing Sales (K Units) and Growth Rate (2013-2018) Figure Intertek (UK) Bacteriological Testing Sales Market Share in EMEA (2013-2018) Figure Intertek (UK) Bacteriological Testing Revenue Market Share in EMEA (2013-2018) Table Eurofins (Luxembourg) Bacteriological Testing Basic Information List Table Eurofins (Luxembourg) Bacteriological Testing Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2013-2018) Figure Eurofins (Luxembourg) Bacteriological Testing Sales (K Units) and Growth Rate (2013-2018) Figure Eurofins (Luxembourg) Bacteriological Testing Sales Market Share in EMEA (2013-2018) Figure Eurofins (Luxembourg) Bacteriological Testing Revenue Market Share in EMEA (2013-2018) Table Production Base and Market Concentration Rate of Raw Material Figure Price Trend of Key Raw Materials Table Key Suppliers of Raw Materials Figure Manufacturing Cost Structure of Bacteriological Testing Figure Manufacturing Process Analysis of Bacteriological Testing Figure Bacteriological Testing Industrial Chain Analysis Table Raw Materials Sources of Bacteriological Testing Major Manufacturers in 2017 Table Major Buyers of Bacteriological Testing Table Distributors/Traders List Figure EMEA Bacteriological Testing Sales (K Units) and Growth Rate Forecast (2018-2025) Figure EMEA Bacteriological Testing Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2018-2025) Figure EMEA Bacteriological Testing Price (USD/Unit) and Trend Forecast (2018-2025) Table EMEA Bacteriological Testing Sales (K Units) Forecast by Region (2018-2025) Figure EMEA Bacteriological Testing Sales Market Share Forecast by Region (2018-2025) Table EMEA Bacteriological Testing Revenue (Million USD) Forecast by Region (2018-2025) Figure EMEA Bacteriological Testing Revenue Market Share Forecast by Region (2018-2025) Table Europe Bacteriological Testing Sales (K Units) Forecast by Countries (2018-2025) Figure Europe Bacteriological Testing Sales Market Share Forecast by Countries (2018-2025) Table Europe Bacteriological Testing Revenue (Million USD) Forecast by Countries (2018-2025) Figure Europe Bacteriological Testing Revenue Market Share Forecast by Countries (2018-2025) Table Middle East Bacteriological Testing Sales (K Units) Forecast by Countries (2018-2025) Figure Middle East Bacteriological Testing Sales Market Share Forecast by Countries (2018-2025) Table Middle East Bacteriological Testing Revenue (Million USD) Forecast by Countries (2018-2025) Figure Middle East Bacteriological Testing Revenue Market Share Forecast by Countries (2018-2025) Table Africa Bacteriological Testing Sales (K Units) Forecast by Countries (2018-2025) Figure Africa Bacteriological Testing Sales Market Share Forecast by Countries (2018-2025) Table Africa Bacteriological Testing Revenue (Million USD) Forecast by Countries (2018-2025) Figure Africa Bacteriological Testing Revenue Market Share Forecast by Countries (2018-2025) Table EMEA Bacteriological Testing Sales (K Units) Forecast by Type (2018-2025) Figure EMEA Bacteriological Testing Sales Market Share Forecast by Type (2018-2025) Table EMEA Bacteriological Testing Sales (K Units) Forecast by Application (2018-2025) Figure EMEA Bacteriological Testing Sales Market Share Forecast by Application (2018-2025) Table Research Programs/Design for This Report Figure Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report Figure Data Triangulation Table Key Data Information from Secondary Sources Table Key Data Information from Primary Sources