Executive summary Introduction: Report scope and definitions Report scope Definition of over-the-top services Internet neutrality definition Section 1: Dynamics shaping the OTT environment Growth drivers and trends - OTT video Growth drivers and trends - OTT messaging Growth drivers and trends - OTT telephony The impact of OTT services on network providers Section 2: Ecosystem player views Diverging stances on net neutrality The governments' dilemma Autonomy is key for ISPs Consumers want open access, equality and more choices OTTs: Neutrality benefits consumers and the entire ecosystem Section 3: Case studies - Approaches to regulating net neutrality Regulating net neutrality: Same goal, different paths Regulatory frameworks for net neutrality Case study: United Kingdom Case study: France Case study: South Korea Case study: United States Case study: European Union Case study: Chile Case study: Brazil Section 4: Key findings and recommendations Key findings: Impetus for net neutrality regulation Key findings: Regulatory models Key findings: Principles and enablers Recommendations: Partnerships Recommendations: Multi-stakeholder initiatives Recommendations: Collaboration with regulators (co-regulation) Recommendations: Collaboration with consumer groups and content providers Appendices Companies, organizations and government entities mentioned About Pyramid Research Meet us in person

Exhibit 1: Study scope Exhibit 2: Main types of OTT services Exhibit 3: Net neutrality definitions from selected stakeholders Exhibit 4: Online service providers' shares of fixed-access Internet traffic in North America Exhibit 5: Top players in OTT mobile messaging Exhibit 6: Top OTT voice providers worldwide Exhibit 7: Impact of OTT growth on network providers Exhibit 8: Alternative views on net neutrality regulation Exhibit 9: Governments' balancing act Exhibit 10: Principles advocated by ISPs Exhibit 11: Principles advocated by Internet users Exhibit 12: Principles advocated by OTT service providers Exhibit 13: Case study markets by initial regulatory approach to net neutrality Exhibit 14: Scope of net neutrality regulation in selected countries Exhibit 15: The UK's path to net neutrality regulation Exhibit 16: The UK's collaborative approach Exhibit 17: Netflix ISP speed index, UK, Nov 2015 Exhibit 18: France's path to net neutrality Exhibit 19: ARCEP's focus areas, 2010-2015 Exhibit 20: CNNum's framework proposal, France Exhibit 21: South Korea's path to net neutrality regulation Exhibit 22: KakaoTalk users, Q1 2013 to Q2 2015 Exhibit 23: Netflix streaming subscriber growth, globally Exhibit 24: The path to net neutrality in the US Exhibit 25: FCC net neutrality rules, 2015 Exhibit 26: Plaintiffs in 2015 net neutrality lawsuits Exhibit 27: The European Union's path to net neutrality Exhibit 28: Trajectory of the EU's net neutrality regulatory package Exhibit 29: EU net neutrality at a glance Exhibit 30: Chile's path to net neutrality regulation Exhibit 31: Virgin Mobile free bundled app offer Exhibit 32: Average broadband speeds, Latin America Exhibit 33: Brazil's path to net neutrality regulation Exhibit 34: Most frequently used OTT apps, Brazil Exhibit 35: Divergent views of net neutrality, Brazil Exhibit 36: Common principles Exhibit 37: Policy enablers Exhibit 1: Study scope Exhibit 2: Main types of OTT services Exhibit 3: Net neutrality definitions from selected stakeholders Exhibit 4: Online service providers' shares of fixed-access Internet traffic in North America Exhibit 5: Top players in OTT mobile messaging Exhibit 6: Top OTT voice providers worldwide Exhibit 7: Impact of OTT growth on network providers Exhibit 8: Alternative views on net neutrality regulation Exhibit 9: Governments' balancing act Exhibit 10: Principles advocated by ISPs Exhibit 11: Principles advocated by Internet users Exhibit 12: Principles advocated by OTT service providers Exhibit 13: Case study markets by initial regulatory approach to net neutrality Exhibit 14: Scope of net neutrality regulation in selected countries Exhibit 15: The UK's path to net neutrality regulation Exhibit 16: The UK's collaborative approach Exhibit 17: Netflix ISP speed index, UK, Nov 2015 Exhibit 18: France's path to net neutrality Exhibit 19: ARCEP's focus areas, 2010-2015 Exhibit 20: CNNum's framework proposal, France Exhibit 21: South Korea's path to net neutrality regulation Exhibit 22: KakaoTalk users, Q1 2013 to Q2 2015 Exhibit 23: Netflix streaming subscriber growth, globally Exhibit 24: The path to net neutrality in the US Exhibit 25: FCC net neutrality rules, 2015 Exhibit 26: Plaintiffs in 2015 net neutrality lawsuits Exhibit 27: The European Union's path to net neutrality Exhibit 28: Trajectory of the EU's net neutrality regulatory package Exhibit 29: EU net neutrality at a glance Exhibit 30: Chile's path to net neutrality regulation Exhibit 31: Virgin Mobile free bundled app offer Exhibit 32: Average broadband speeds, Latin America Exhibit 33: Brazil's path to net neutrality regulation Exhibit 34: Most frequently used OTT apps, Brazil Exhibit 35: Divergent views of net neutrality, Brazil Exhibit 36: Common principles Exhibit 37: Policy enablers