Table of contents Table of exhibits Executive Summary Section 1: OTT communications market context State of the market Competitor landscape Key features Business model evolution Section 2: Emerging monetization strategies Digital content Sponsored chats Advertising Mobile payments / commerce Section 3: OTT communications provider case studies Facebook Messenger LINE Snapchat Viber WeChat WhatsApp Section 4: The OTT/carrier partner model Why carriers and OTTs need partnerships OTT/carrier partnership landscape OTT/carrier partnership opportunities Section 5: Key findings and recommendations Key findings Recommendations Appendices Acronyms and definitions Companies mentioned About Pyramid Research Pyramid Research contact information

Exhibit 1: WhatsApp subscriber growth Exhibit 2: User statistics from the world's largest OTT communications players Exhibit 3: Key OTT company investments Exhibit 4: Key OTT messaging and voice feature offers Exhibit 5: Digital platform timeline of line and WeChat Exhibit 6: Digital content offerings from OTT providers Exhibit 7: KIK'S promoted chats Exhibit 8: Snapchat's value proposition to advertisers Exhibit 9: WeChat's wallet is an app-within-an-app model Exhibit 10: Monetization strategies of major OTT communications companies Exhibit 11: Facebook messenger M virtual assistant Exhibit 12: Line Corp's app revenue from 2012-2015 Exhibit 13: Snapchat's lens store Exhibit 14: Viber ads running in the U.S. Market Exhibit 15: Sample of WeChat's marketing partners Exhibit 16: Facebook messenger and WhatsApp downloads Exhibit 17: Examples of opportunities for OTT/carrier partnerships Exhibit 18: Sample of zero-rated and discount OTT services offered by carrier Exhibit 19: Potential OTT/carrier tie-ups Exhibit 1: WhatsApp subscriber growth Exhibit 2: User statistics from the world's largest OTT communications players Exhibit 3: Key OTT company investments Exhibit 4: Key OTT messaging and voice feature offers Exhibit 5: Digital platform timeline of line and WeChat Exhibit 6: Digital content offerings from OTT providers Exhibit 7: KIK'S promoted chats Exhibit 8: Snapchat's value proposition to advertisers Exhibit 9: WeChat's wallet is an app-within-an-app model Exhibit 10: Monetization strategies of major OTT communications companies Exhibit 11: Facebook messenger M virtual assistant Exhibit 12: Line Corp's app revenue from 2012-2015 Exhibit 13: Snapchat's lens store Exhibit 14: Viber ads running in the U.S. Market Exhibit 15: Sample of WeChat's marketing partners Exhibit 16: Facebook messenger and WhatsApp downloads Exhibit 17: Examples of opportunities for OTT/carrier partnerships Exhibit 18: Sample of zero-rated and discount OTT services offered by carrier Exhibit 19: Potential OTT/carrier tie-ups