Executive Summary Introduction Health Economic and Outcomes Research (HEOR) A Systemic Value Development Plan for HEOR Types of Economic Evaluations Overview of Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Quality-Adjusted Life Year in HEOR Pharmacoeconomic Modelling Methods Health Technology Assessment (HTA) in Market Access Key Benefits of HTA Process and Dimensions of HTA Principle HTA Regulatory Agencies Case Studies Risk Sharing Agreements When Limited Evidence is Available for HTA Pricing and Reimbursement Factors Affecting Pricing Decision Pricing of a New Drug Pharmaceutical Pricing Policies in the US Impact Of Affordable Care Act on Market Access Case Studies Pharmaceutical Pricing and Reimbursement Policies in Canada Pharmaceutical Pricing and Reimbursement Policies in Europe (UK, Germany, France, Italy and Spain) Case Studies Parallel Trade in Europe Pharmaceutical Pricing and Reimbursement Policies in Japan Economic Analysis Alongside Clinical Trials Harmonization of Drug Approval and Marketing for Effective Market Access Key Challenges for Achieving Optimum Market Access Key Takeaways